<p>This study proposes a multi-scale finite element simulation method to investigate the vehicle-induced local vibration effects of orthotropic steel decks (OSDs) by considering tire-road contact conditions. It also focuses on the differences between the dynamic amplification factors (DAFs) of local deflection and strain compared to those corresponding overall response, as well as the influence of road roughness and driving speed on localized DAFs. The results show that vehicle-induced local vibration is distinct near vehicle wheels, especially within 0.5 m from the wheel centerline in the transverse direction and 0.3 m in the longitudinal direction. The localized strain DAFs may potentially exceed 1.4. Generally, the dynamic deflection of a bridge deck is mainly determined by the first system stiffness of OSDs, i.e., sectional stiffness of the bridge girder. However, the dynamic strain of OSDs arises from the combination of overall bridge modes and local bridge deck panel modes, leading to a higher localized strain DAFs of approximately 16% compared to the overall bridge. Longitudinal and vertical strain DAFs typically occur on U-ribs, while the transverse strain DAFs often arise at stiffness discontinuities of OSD. The recurrent structural variations of OSDs in the transverse and vertical directions result in the maximum vertical strain DAF.</p>