<p>With the acceleration of urbanization, environmental vibration and noise pollution have become increasingly severe, and traditional vibration and noise reduction technologies are insufficient to meet current vibration control requirements. This study, based on locally resonant theory, designed a novel local resonance periodic block (LRPB). Using the plane wave expansion method (PWEM) and the finite element method (FEM), this study investigated the bandgap characteristics, formation mechanisms, and vibration and acoustic performance of an LRPB under different periodic structures and material selection. The vibration reduction and noise reduction performance of LRPB has been validated through the Qingdao metro project. The research results show that the LRPB is superior to other periodic structures in terms of wide bandgap. Furthermore, configuring soft scatterer material, increasing the unit size, enhancing the material filling rate, and adopting a honeycomb arrangement can effectively reduce bandgap frequency. In structural design, non-high symmetry demonstrates greater advantages. In a study of a subway tunnel, the LRPB demonstrated superior vibration and noise mitigation performance compared to wave impeding block (WIB), thereby demonstrating potential for use in the field of vibration and noise reduction with regard to structures.</p>