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<p>The occurrence characteristics of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), as well as the apportionment of their specific pollution sources, provide critical evidence for characterizing regional eco-environmental quality and anthropogenic impacts. In this study, 115 surface sediment samples collected from the eastern Hainan Island shallow sea were used to evaluate the regional pollution status and comprehensive ecological risk levels of PTEs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn). By combining correlation analysis with absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) methods, this study quantified pollution sources and elucidated their contributions to contamination levels and ecological risks. The mean concentration of arsenic (As) in the eastern Hainan Island shallow sea sediments (10.93 mg/kg) was significantly higher than the regional background value (3.20 mg/kg). The geo-accumulation index (<i>I</i><sub>geo</sub>), the contamination factor (CF), and the potential ecological risk index (PERI) consistently indicated that arsenic (As) is the primary contaminant and ecological risk factor within the study area, followed by cadmium (Cd). Significant enrichment of PTEs was predominantly detected in the Wanquan River Estuary, Lingshui Bay, and Shimei Bay areas. The quantitative source apportionment identified three principal sources: natural sources (65.29%), agricultural sources (18.07%), and unidentified sources (16.64%). Source-risk coupling analysis confirmed that agricultural activities/aquaculture are key anthropogenic factors elevating regional ecological risks. The findings of this study offer a pivotal scientific underpinning for developing strategies concerning PTE pollution control in sediments, precise ecological risk management, and sustainable coastal development in tropical coastal regions.</p>

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Source Apportionment of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Tropical Coastal Sediments Using APCS-MLR Model: A Case Study of Eastern Hainan Island

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Jianxiu Fan,
  • Bangqi Hu,
  • Ruyong Cui,
  • Shanshan Chen,
  • Liang Zou,
  • Fangjian Xu

摘要

The occurrence characteristics of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), as well as the apportionment of their specific pollution sources, provide critical evidence for characterizing regional eco-environmental quality and anthropogenic impacts. In this study, 115 surface sediment samples collected from the eastern Hainan Island shallow sea were used to evaluate the regional pollution status and comprehensive ecological risk levels of PTEs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn). By combining correlation analysis with absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) methods, this study quantified pollution sources and elucidated their contributions to contamination levels and ecological risks. The mean concentration of arsenic (As) in the eastern Hainan Island shallow sea sediments (10.93 mg/kg) was significantly higher than the regional background value (3.20 mg/kg). The geo-accumulation index (Igeo), the contamination factor (CF), and the potential ecological risk index (PERI) consistently indicated that arsenic (As) is the primary contaminant and ecological risk factor within the study area, followed by cadmium (Cd). Significant enrichment of PTEs was predominantly detected in the Wanquan River Estuary, Lingshui Bay, and Shimei Bay areas. The quantitative source apportionment identified three principal sources: natural sources (65.29%), agricultural sources (18.07%), and unidentified sources (16.64%). Source-risk coupling analysis confirmed that agricultural activities/aquaculture are key anthropogenic factors elevating regional ecological risks. The findings of this study offer a pivotal scientific underpinning for developing strategies concerning PTE pollution control in sediments, precise ecological risk management, and sustainable coastal development in tropical coastal regions.