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<p>Manila clams, <i>Ruditapes philippinarum</i>, are an important aquaculture species. However, bacterial diseases exert huge adverse impacts on clam production and cause serious economic losses. In 2023, a mass mortality event of <i>R. philippinarum</i> larvae occurred in a nursery located in Putian, Fujian, China. The abundance of <i>Vibrio</i> spp. was determined by <i>16S rRNA</i> sequencing and counting the number of culturable bacteria. It was high in the seawater from the nursery with diseased clams, but hardly present in the nursery seawater with healthy clams. Culturable bacterial isolates with different phenotypes were identified in the diseased clams. Their virulence was examined using an immersion infection model. <i>Vibrio</i> sp. S2 showed the highest virulence, exhibiting typical virulence factors such as α-haemolytic activity, swimming mobility, and extracellular gelatinase activity. It was identified as <i>Vibrio crassostreae</i> S2 based on two conserved sequences of the <i>16S rRNA</i> and <i>pyrH</i> genes. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 132 and 78 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in the adult clams after S2 challenge. Pathways such as focal adhesion and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis were upregulated, while endocytosis and efferocytosis were downregulated. Histopathology indicated S2-induced damage to the gills and mantles. In summary, these results identified <i>V. crassostreae</i> S2 as a novel <i>R. philippinarum</i> pathogen.</p>

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Isolation and Characterization of Vibrio crassostreae S2 Associated with Mass Mortality in Manila Clams Ruditapes philippinarum

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Zhixin Mu,
  • Weibo Shi,
  • Ya Li,
  • Zhili Shi,
  • Kai Liao,
  • Jilin Xu,
  • Weiwei Zhang

摘要

Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, are an important aquaculture species. However, bacterial diseases exert huge adverse impacts on clam production and cause serious economic losses. In 2023, a mass mortality event of R. philippinarum larvae occurred in a nursery located in Putian, Fujian, China. The abundance of Vibrio spp. was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing and counting the number of culturable bacteria. It was high in the seawater from the nursery with diseased clams, but hardly present in the nursery seawater with healthy clams. Culturable bacterial isolates with different phenotypes were identified in the diseased clams. Their virulence was examined using an immersion infection model. Vibrio sp. S2 showed the highest virulence, exhibiting typical virulence factors such as α-haemolytic activity, swimming mobility, and extracellular gelatinase activity. It was identified as Vibrio crassostreae S2 based on two conserved sequences of the 16S rRNA and pyrH genes. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 132 and 78 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in the adult clams after S2 challenge. Pathways such as focal adhesion and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis were upregulated, while endocytosis and efferocytosis were downregulated. Histopathology indicated S2-induced damage to the gills and mantles. In summary, these results identified V. crassostreae S2 as a novel R. philippinarum pathogen.