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<p>Due to high-intensity human activities, the ecological environment of the gulf has suffered severe damage that leads to ecosystem imbalances that not only threaten the survival of marine organisms but also pose remarkable risks to economic and social development in coastal zones. Consequently, to understanding long-term variations in gulf water quality is an urgent need. This paper focuses on Qinzhou Bay (QZB) as the study area and analyzes the long-term sequences (2011–2023) of critical seawater parameters, including pH, salinity (<i>Sal</i>), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), and chlorophyll-<i>a</i> (Chl-<i>a</i>) through comprehensive evaluations of water quality pollution status, severity, and trends using single-factor pollution indices, eutrophication indices, and principal component analysis (PCA). The findings reveal that the water quality in QZB exhibited temporal fluctuations between 2014 and 2023 and a spatially decreasing gradient from the inner bay to the outer bay regions. The comprehensive fuzzy method evaluates the QZB water quality grade as class III. The main driving factors are nitrogen and phosphorus discharged from terrestrial sources. Nitrogen and phosphorus in QZB was increased by <i>ca.</i> 27% and <i>ca.</i> 13% from 2011 to 2023, respectively. This paper aims to provide scientific evidence for the rational exploitation of marine resources. The findings further support the protection of marine environments, promotion of sustainable marine resource utilization, and maintenance of marine ecological balance.</p>

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Spatiotemporal Variations and Driving Factors of Water Quality in Qinzhou Bay from 2011 to 2023 Based on Multi-Element Assessment and Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Jiaodi Zhou,
  • Zhijun Dai,
  • Dongliang Lu,
  • Peng He,
  • Chaohao Chen,
  • Peiyao Weng,
  • Hu Huang,
  • Zeyu Wang

摘要

Due to high-intensity human activities, the ecological environment of the gulf has suffered severe damage that leads to ecosystem imbalances that not only threaten the survival of marine organisms but also pose remarkable risks to economic and social development in coastal zones. Consequently, to understanding long-term variations in gulf water quality is an urgent need. This paper focuses on Qinzhou Bay (QZB) as the study area and analyzes the long-term sequences (2011–2023) of critical seawater parameters, including pH, salinity (Sal), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) through comprehensive evaluations of water quality pollution status, severity, and trends using single-factor pollution indices, eutrophication indices, and principal component analysis (PCA). The findings reveal that the water quality in QZB exhibited temporal fluctuations between 2014 and 2023 and a spatially decreasing gradient from the inner bay to the outer bay regions. The comprehensive fuzzy method evaluates the QZB water quality grade as class III. The main driving factors are nitrogen and phosphorus discharged from terrestrial sources. Nitrogen and phosphorus in QZB was increased by ca. 27% and ca. 13% from 2011 to 2023, respectively. This paper aims to provide scientific evidence for the rational exploitation of marine resources. The findings further support the protection of marine environments, promotion of sustainable marine resource utilization, and maintenance of marine ecological balance.