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<p>All maritime industries are plagued by marine biofouling pollution, which causes large economic and environmental costs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for ecofriendly alternatives that can effectively reduce the negative consequences of biofouling pollution. This study aimed to produce novel capsaicin-inspired amide derivatives (CIADs) with multifunctional antifouling features by introducing amide compounds to aromatic compounds <i>via</i> a Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction. The structure of the CIADs was characterized using FTIR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, and HRMS, and the comprehensive antifouling capacity was determined by thermal stability, anti-ultraviolet, antibacterial, anti-algal, and marine field experiments. CIADs showed good thermal stability and did not show obvious weight loss before 226 °C. 2,4-dihydroxy-3,5-diphenylimidemet-hylbenzophenone (DDB) had an excellent ultraviolet absorption effect, which was even better than that of 2-hydroxy-4-(octyloxy)benzophenone. The antibacterial and anti-algal rates of <i>N</i>-(2,4-dimethyl-3-chloro-5-benzamide-methyl-6-hydroxybenzyl)benzamide (NDCBHB) were more than 99.5% and 64.0%, respectively, and the surface of antifouling coating with NDCBHB (NDCBHB-AC) was covered with only a small amount of sludge and biofilm, its antifouling effect was better than that of chlorothalonil. The above work provides a reference for preparing green and multifunctional antifouling agents.</p>

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Towards Eco-Friendly and Multifunctional Marine Antifouling Agents-Natural Capsaicin-Inspired Amide Derivatives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月8日

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  • Xuan Wang,
  • Weijun Mo,
  • Guanglong Zhang,
  • Xiaohui Jiang,
  • Guobo Chen,
  • Liangmin Yu

摘要

All maritime industries are plagued by marine biofouling pollution, which causes large economic and environmental costs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for ecofriendly alternatives that can effectively reduce the negative consequences of biofouling pollution. This study aimed to produce novel capsaicin-inspired amide derivatives (CIADs) with multifunctional antifouling features by introducing amide compounds to aromatic compounds via a Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction. The structure of the CIADs was characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS, and the comprehensive antifouling capacity was determined by thermal stability, anti-ultraviolet, antibacterial, anti-algal, and marine field experiments. CIADs showed good thermal stability and did not show obvious weight loss before 226 °C. 2,4-dihydroxy-3,5-diphenylimidemet-hylbenzophenone (DDB) had an excellent ultraviolet absorption effect, which was even better than that of 2-hydroxy-4-(octyloxy)benzophenone. The antibacterial and anti-algal rates of N-(2,4-dimethyl-3-chloro-5-benzamide-methyl-6-hydroxybenzyl)benzamide (NDCBHB) were more than 99.5% and 64.0%, respectively, and the surface of antifouling coating with NDCBHB (NDCBHB-AC) was covered with only a small amount of sludge and biofilm, its antifouling effect was better than that of chlorothalonil. The above work provides a reference for preparing green and multifunctional antifouling agents.