Numerical Study of the Shallow-Water Effect on the Hydrodynamic Loads and Wake of a Ship in Oblique Flow
摘要
When a ship moves in an oblique flow, its hydrodynamic loads and wake characteristics vary substantially from those in straight-ahead motion. This dissimilarity can be even more complex when the ship operates in a seaway of shallow water. In this paper, a numerical analysis of the shallow-water effect on the hydrodynamic forces and wake characteristics of an international ship model, KVLCC2, in oblique flows is conducted. Numerical simulations are performed based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equation in conjunction with the shear stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model. Four relative water depths (h = 1.2T, 1.5T, 3.0T, and 24T; T is the ship draft) and five different drift angles (β = 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, and 20°) are considered. Results reveal the following: i) The shallow-water effect is strong and leads to nonlinear increases in the longitudinal force regardless of drift angles and on the transverse force and yaw moment whenever the drift angle increases. ii) In shallow water, the mean wake fraction is sensitive to the drift angle, and the strength of the aft-body vortex on the leeward side increases.