<p>In this paper, we prove several results which are generalizations of basic facts of spectral radius. Among other inequalities, we prove that if <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11785_2025_1847_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="89" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A\in \mathbb {M}_m(\mathbb {M}_n)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">M</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">M</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11785_2025_1847_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="56" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {M}_m(\mathbb {M}_n)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">M</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">M</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the set of all <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11785_2025_1847_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m*m\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> block complex matrices with each block in <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11785_2025_1847_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {M}_n(\mathbb { C})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">M</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Then <Equation ID="Equ20"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11785_2025_1847_Article_Equ20.gif" Format="GIF" Height="37" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="189" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} r^{(2)}(A) = \displaystyle \lim _{h \rightarrow \infty } (||A^{\circ ^h}||^{(2)})^{{ \circ }^{\frac{1}{h}}} \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo movablelimits="true">lim</mo> <mrow> <mi>h</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>A</mi> <msup> <mo>∘</mo> <mi>h</mi> </msup> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>h</mi> </mfrac> </msup> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>and <Equation ID="Equ21"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11785_2025_1847_Article_Equ21.gif" Format="GIF" Height="37" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="195" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} r^{(1)}(A) =\displaystyle \lim _{h \rightarrow \infty } (||\widetilde{ \tilde{A} ^{\circ ^h}}||^{(1)})^{{\circ }^{\frac{1}{h}}}, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo movablelimits="true">lim</mo> <mrow> <mi>h</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mover accent="true"> <msup> <mover accent="true"> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> <msup> <mo>∘</mo> <mi>h</mi> </msup> </msup> <mo stretchy="true">~</mo> </mover> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>h</mi> </mfrac> </msup> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11785_2025_1847_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="50" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r^{(1)}(A)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11785_2025_1847_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(||A||^{(1)}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are, respectively, the first partial matrix of spectral radius and the first partial matrix of spectral norm which are defined in this paper. <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11785_2025_1847_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="50" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r^{(2)}(A)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11785_2025_1847_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(||A||^{(2)}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are, respectively, the second partial matrix of spectral radius and the second partial matrix of spectral norm.</p>

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Partial Matrix of Spectral Radius and Partial Matrix of Norm Inequalities for Block Matrices

  • Raja’a Al-Naimi,
  • Manal Al-Labadi,
  • Wasim Audeh

摘要

In this paper, we prove several results which are generalizations of basic facts of spectral radius. Among other inequalities, we prove that if \(A\in \mathbb {M}_m(\mathbb {M}_n)\) A M m ( M n ) , where \(\mathbb {M}_m(\mathbb {M}_n)\) M m ( M n ) is the set of all \(m*m\) m m block complex matrices with each block in \(\mathbb {M}_n(\mathbb { C})\) M n ( C ) . Then \(\begin{aligned} r^{(2)}(A) = \displaystyle \lim _{h \rightarrow \infty } (||A^{\circ ^h}||^{(2)})^{{ \circ }^{\frac{1}{h}}} \end{aligned}\) r ( 2 ) ( A ) = lim h ( | | A h | | ( 2 ) ) 1 h and \(\begin{aligned} r^{(1)}(A) =\displaystyle \lim _{h \rightarrow \infty } (||\widetilde{ \tilde{A} ^{\circ ^h}}||^{(1)})^{{\circ }^{\frac{1}{h}}}, \end{aligned}\) r ( 1 ) ( A ) = lim h ( | | A ~ h ~ | | ( 1 ) ) 1 h , where \(r^{(1)}(A)\) r ( 1 ) ( A ) and \(||A||^{(1)}\) | | A | | ( 1 ) are, respectively, the first partial matrix of spectral radius and the first partial matrix of spectral norm which are defined in this paper. \(r^{(2)}(A)\) r ( 2 ) ( A ) and \(||A||^{(2)}\) | | A | | ( 2 ) are, respectively, the second partial matrix of spectral radius and the second partial matrix of spectral norm.