<p>We study the space of paths in a closed manifold <i>M</i> with endpoints determined by an involution <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11784_2025_1225_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="91" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f:M\rightarrow M\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. If the involution is fixed point free and if <i>M</i> is 2-connected then this path space is the universal covering space of the component of non-contractible loops of the free loop space of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11784_2025_1225_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(M/\mathbb {Z}_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. On the homology of said path space we study string topology operations which extend the Chas–Sullivan loop product and the Goresky–Hingston loop coproduct, respectively. We study the case of antipodal involution on the sphere in detail and use Morse–Bott theoretic methods to give a complete computation of the extended loop product and the extended coproduct on even-dimensional spheres. These results are then applied to prove a resonance theorem for closed geodesics on real projective space.</p>

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Extensions of the loop product and coproduct, the space of antipodal paths and resonances of closed geodesics

  • Maximilian Stegemeyer

摘要

We study the space of paths in a closed manifold M with endpoints determined by an involution \(f:M\rightarrow M\) f : M M . If the involution is fixed point free and if M is 2-connected then this path space is the universal covering space of the component of non-contractible loops of the free loop space of \(M/\mathbb {Z}_2\) M / Z 2 . On the homology of said path space we study string topology operations which extend the Chas–Sullivan loop product and the Goresky–Hingston loop coproduct, respectively. We study the case of antipodal involution on the sphere in detail and use Morse–Bott theoretic methods to give a complete computation of the extended loop product and the extended coproduct on even-dimensional spheres. These results are then applied to prove a resonance theorem for closed geodesics on real projective space.