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<p>The application of microbial electrochemical system (MES) is limited by the slow rate of extracellular electron transfer in soil remediation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of shuttles, including anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid disodium salt (AQDS), phenazine (PHE), and L-cysteine (CYS) on electricity generation, petroleum hydrocarbon degradation, and the microbial community in a soil MES. The results demonstrated that PHE and CYS enhanced the electron transfer flux by 30% and 22%, respectively, with 10%–18% higher than AQDS. Notably, CYS treatment resulted in the highest removal of petroleum hydrocarbons with a 152% increase which was 164% more than AQDS treatment, and specific degradation selectivity towards benzo[a]pyrene and long-chain alkanes. The addition of glucose as a cosubstrate universally increased the voltage output, confirming carbon source availability as a key limiting factor for electron transfer. Biological analysis revealed that electron shuttle addition reshaped the soil bacterial community structure and increased network complexity. Essentially, PHE not only functioned as an electron shuttle to promote cytochrome c expression but also stimulated <i>Pseudomonas</i> to overexpress endogenous phenazine compounds via quorum sensing. CYS served as both a sulphur source and a redox mediator, significantly increasing NAD(H) levels, and enriching electroactive bacteria with hydrocarbon degradation capability, such as <i>Marinobacter</i> and <i>Clostridium</i>. These findings clarify the potential of quinone- and cysteine-shuttles in pollutant degradation, providing an enhancement strategy for soil remediation.</p>

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Superior performance of natural electron shuttles over a synthetic analogue in promoting electrogenic hydrocarbon degradation in contaminated soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Fanghui Chen,
  • Shuhan Xing,
  • Jiajun Lu,
  • Jing He,
  • Yingying Gu,
  • Xiaojing Li

摘要

The application of microbial electrochemical system (MES) is limited by the slow rate of extracellular electron transfer in soil remediation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of shuttles, including anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid disodium salt (AQDS), phenazine (PHE), and L-cysteine (CYS) on electricity generation, petroleum hydrocarbon degradation, and the microbial community in a soil MES. The results demonstrated that PHE and CYS enhanced the electron transfer flux by 30% and 22%, respectively, with 10%–18% higher than AQDS. Notably, CYS treatment resulted in the highest removal of petroleum hydrocarbons with a 152% increase which was 164% more than AQDS treatment, and specific degradation selectivity towards benzo[a]pyrene and long-chain alkanes. The addition of glucose as a cosubstrate universally increased the voltage output, confirming carbon source availability as a key limiting factor for electron transfer. Biological analysis revealed that electron shuttle addition reshaped the soil bacterial community structure and increased network complexity. Essentially, PHE not only functioned as an electron shuttle to promote cytochrome c expression but also stimulated Pseudomonas to overexpress endogenous phenazine compounds via quorum sensing. CYS served as both a sulphur source and a redox mediator, significantly increasing NAD(H) levels, and enriching electroactive bacteria with hydrocarbon degradation capability, such as Marinobacter and Clostridium. These findings clarify the potential of quinone- and cysteine-shuttles in pollutant degradation, providing an enhancement strategy for soil remediation.