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<p>Conventional sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) is constrained by effluent acidification and inability to remove phosphorus, while the resource utilization of coal gangue (CG), a massive solid waste, remains challenging. To address both issues, this study developed a novel composite filler by integrating elemental sulfur (S<sup>0</sup>) with CG and established a coal gangue-based sulfur autotrophic denitrification (CGSAD) biofilter. The system was comprehensively evaluated across various hydraulic retention times (HRT: 0.5–4 h) and temperatures (10–30 °C). During 132 d of operation, CGSAD maintained an average NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N removal efficiency of 82.86% even at a short HRT of 1 h. It demonstrated superior low-temperature adaptability, removing 77.27% of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N and 53.87% of PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>-P at 10 °C, significantly outperforming conventional SAD. Phosphorus was mainly removed via metal-phosphate precipitation, driven by H<sup>+</sup> released from autotrophic denitrification that promoted metal dissolution from CG and subsequent precipitation, as verified by SEM-EDS. Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (e.g., <i>Thiobacillus, Sulfurimonas</i>) were highly enriched as core functional genera. Metagenomic and microbial community analyses confirmed the enrichment of key functional genes and the formation of a resilient biofilm with abundant extracellular polymeric substances, supporting system stability under low-temperature stress. The CGSAD system also exhibited effective pH self-buffering without external alkalinity supplementation. Overall, this process provides a sustainable and efficient solution for simultaneous N and P removal from low C/N wastewater, enabling resource utilization of coal gangue while overcoming key bottlenecks of traditional SAD.</p>

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Enhancing simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in secondary effluent by a novel coal gangue-sulfur autotrophic biofilter: performance and microbial mechanisms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月15日

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  • Sijie Ge,
  • Kexin Shang,
  • Xin Wang,
  • Limei Yuan,
  • Tongtong Shi,
  • Chuanyi Zhang

摘要

Conventional sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) is constrained by effluent acidification and inability to remove phosphorus, while the resource utilization of coal gangue (CG), a massive solid waste, remains challenging. To address both issues, this study developed a novel composite filler by integrating elemental sulfur (S0) with CG and established a coal gangue-based sulfur autotrophic denitrification (CGSAD) biofilter. The system was comprehensively evaluated across various hydraulic retention times (HRT: 0.5–4 h) and temperatures (10–30 °C). During 132 d of operation, CGSAD maintained an average NO3−-N removal efficiency of 82.86% even at a short HRT of 1 h. It demonstrated superior low-temperature adaptability, removing 77.27% of NO3−-N and 53.87% of PO43−-P at 10 °C, significantly outperforming conventional SAD. Phosphorus was mainly removed via metal-phosphate precipitation, driven by H+ released from autotrophic denitrification that promoted metal dissolution from CG and subsequent precipitation, as verified by SEM-EDS. Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (e.g., Thiobacillus, Sulfurimonas) were highly enriched as core functional genera. Metagenomic and microbial community analyses confirmed the enrichment of key functional genes and the formation of a resilient biofilm with abundant extracellular polymeric substances, supporting system stability under low-temperature stress. The CGSAD system also exhibited effective pH self-buffering without external alkalinity supplementation. Overall, this process provides a sustainable and efficient solution for simultaneous N and P removal from low C/N wastewater, enabling resource utilization of coal gangue while overcoming key bottlenecks of traditional SAD.