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<p>As a vital atmospheric halogen, gaseous hydrochloric acid (HCl) exerts a key influence on various physicochemical processes, particularly in coastal regions. Sea-Land Breeze (SLB) is a common local mesoscale circulation in coastal area that alters local weather conditions and further affects the diffusion and transport of air pollutants. However, the fate of HCl under SLB circulation remains poorly understood, which hinders a comprehensive understanding of coastal halogen chemistry and its associated atmospheric impacts. Here, a measurement campaign conducted in Xiamen, China, during winter 2023 revealed substantial levels of gaseous HCl, with concentrations ranging from 3.9 ppt to 290.4 ppt. Average HCl concentrations were 102.2 ppt and 71.4 ppt under SLB and non-SLB (NSLB) conditions, respectively. The integration of field observations and machine learning methods indicated that gas-particle partitioning could be a key driver of elevated HCl levels. In addition, high RH and abundant particulate nitrate concentrations on SLB days were the dominant factors affecting the HCl formation and reactions between HCl and OH radicals generated atomic chlorine at significant rates, up to 3.6×10<sup>3</sup> molecules/(cm<sup>3</sup>·s). The potential adverse health effects from chlorine-containing oxygenated organic molecules (Cl-OOMs) were greater under SLB conditions than on NSLB days. The observed elevation in HCl concentrations through sea-land air exchange can indicate an important chlorine cycling pathway in the coastal urban environment, further explaining the potential influence of chlorine chemistry on atmospheric oxidizing capacity and health effects in coastal cities.</p>

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Atmospheric gaseous HCl influenced by sea-land breeze circulation in a southeast Chinese coastal city

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月20日

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  • Xiaolong Fan,
  • Lei Yao,
  • Yee Jun Tham,
  • Chen Yang,
  • Yuping Chen,
  • Huiwen Chen,
  • Gaojie Chen,
  • Ziyi Lin,
  • Youwei Hong,
  • Mengren Li,
  • Lingling Xu,
  • Jinsheng Chen

摘要

As a vital atmospheric halogen, gaseous hydrochloric acid (HCl) exerts a key influence on various physicochemical processes, particularly in coastal regions. Sea-Land Breeze (SLB) is a common local mesoscale circulation in coastal area that alters local weather conditions and further affects the diffusion and transport of air pollutants. However, the fate of HCl under SLB circulation remains poorly understood, which hinders a comprehensive understanding of coastal halogen chemistry and its associated atmospheric impacts. Here, a measurement campaign conducted in Xiamen, China, during winter 2023 revealed substantial levels of gaseous HCl, with concentrations ranging from 3.9 ppt to 290.4 ppt. Average HCl concentrations were 102.2 ppt and 71.4 ppt under SLB and non-SLB (NSLB) conditions, respectively. The integration of field observations and machine learning methods indicated that gas-particle partitioning could be a key driver of elevated HCl levels. In addition, high RH and abundant particulate nitrate concentrations on SLB days were the dominant factors affecting the HCl formation and reactions between HCl and OH radicals generated atomic chlorine at significant rates, up to 3.6×103 molecules/(cm3·s). The potential adverse health effects from chlorine-containing oxygenated organic molecules (Cl-OOMs) were greater under SLB conditions than on NSLB days. The observed elevation in HCl concentrations through sea-land air exchange can indicate an important chlorine cycling pathway in the coastal urban environment, further explaining the potential influence of chlorine chemistry on atmospheric oxidizing capacity and health effects in coastal cities.