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<p>This study developed a monolithic Co<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/FeOOH nanoflower(NF)-like catalyst through impregnation-boiling and mild hydrothermal methods (120 °C, 3 h), overcoming the drawbacks of both conventional <i>ex-situ</i> loading techniques (uneven distribution) and powdered catalysts (difficult separation). The <i>in-situ</i> grown nanoflower-like Co<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/FeOOH composite on NF demonstrated superior peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, achieving 87.74% norfloxacin (NOR) removal under optimized conditions (1 cm<sup>2</sup> catalyst loading with 0.2 g CoCl<sub>2</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O precursor, 0.3 g/L PMS dose, initial pH 6.3), representing around 11-fold and 1.8-fold higher degradation rates than single-component FeOOH/NF and Co<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/NF, respectively. Mechanistic insights of such performance enhancement revealed by electrochemical analysis and Density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Quenching experiments and Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis confirmed the coexistence of synergistic pathways involving radical species (SO<Stack> <sub>4</sub> <sup>•−</sup> </Stack>) and non-radical processes (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> and electron transfer). The Co<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/FeOOH/NF &amp; PMS system retains 84.73% NOR degradation after 3 cycles with stable morphology, while achieving broad-spectrum antibiotic removal (83.69%–99.88%). Fluorescence analysis confirms almost complete mineralization of recalcitrant humic substances from the real hospital wastewater within 40 min.</p>

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Nanoflower-like Co3S4/FeOOH heterostructure enables efficient norfloxacin degradation via synergistic radical-non-radical PMS activation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月30日

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  • Yuerong Zhou,
  • Ming Yi,
  • Yu Zhao,
  • Rui Yang,
  • He Yan,
  • Xiuwen Cheng

摘要

This study developed a monolithic Co3S4/FeOOH nanoflower(NF)-like catalyst through impregnation-boiling and mild hydrothermal methods (120 °C, 3 h), overcoming the drawbacks of both conventional ex-situ loading techniques (uneven distribution) and powdered catalysts (difficult separation). The in-situ grown nanoflower-like Co3S4/FeOOH composite on NF demonstrated superior peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, achieving 87.74% norfloxacin (NOR) removal under optimized conditions (1 cm2 catalyst loading with 0.2 g CoCl2·6H2O precursor, 0.3 g/L PMS dose, initial pH 6.3), representing around 11-fold and 1.8-fold higher degradation rates than single-component FeOOH/NF and Co3S4/NF, respectively. Mechanistic insights of such performance enhancement revealed by electrochemical analysis and Density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Quenching experiments and Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis confirmed the coexistence of synergistic pathways involving radical species (SO 4 •− ) and non-radical processes (1O2 and electron transfer). The Co3S4/FeOOH/NF & PMS system retains 84.73% NOR degradation after 3 cycles with stable morphology, while achieving broad-spectrum antibiotic removal (83.69%–99.88%). Fluorescence analysis confirms almost complete mineralization of recalcitrant humic substances from the real hospital wastewater within 40 min.