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<p>This study investigated the role of biochar in enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) and stability in partial nitrification-anammox (PN/A) systems, focusing on its selective promotion of partial denitrification and maintaining the dynamic balance between AnAOB and denitrifying bacteria (DNB). The results showed that biochar enhances electron transfer, effectively reduced nitrate accumulation and significantly improved PN/A system NRE and stability. Under high ammonium conditions (800 mg/L), biochar increased NRE in the PN/A system to 83.58%, a 10% improvement over the anammox-control (A<sub>CK</sub>). Additionally, partial denitrification contributed 8% more to total nitrogen removal in the anammox-biochar (A<sub>BC</sub>) system. The porous structure and redox-active groups of biochar provided an ideal environment for key microorganisms, promoted microbial growth and increased specific anammox activity by approximately 1.25–1.46 times compared to A<sub>CK</sub>, further enhancing microbial stability under fluctuating nitrogen loads. Biochar also enriched AnAOB and DNB communities, sustained their dynamic balance and improved system stability by promoting nitrogen removal related gene expression. Overall, biochar demonstrated great potential for improving PN/A system efficiency, optimizing wastewater treatment, and reducing energy consumption and emissions.</p>

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Biochar mediated microbial synergy in Partial nitrification-anammox systems: enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency and stability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月26日

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  • Jingwei Fu,
  • Yifei He,
  • Hexiang Zhao,
  • Hao Yang,
  • Qian Li,
  • Rong Chen,
  • Yu-You Li

摘要

This study investigated the role of biochar in enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) and stability in partial nitrification-anammox (PN/A) systems, focusing on its selective promotion of partial denitrification and maintaining the dynamic balance between AnAOB and denitrifying bacteria (DNB). The results showed that biochar enhances electron transfer, effectively reduced nitrate accumulation and significantly improved PN/A system NRE and stability. Under high ammonium conditions (800 mg/L), biochar increased NRE in the PN/A system to 83.58%, a 10% improvement over the anammox-control (ACK). Additionally, partial denitrification contributed 8% more to total nitrogen removal in the anammox-biochar (ABC) system. The porous structure and redox-active groups of biochar provided an ideal environment for key microorganisms, promoted microbial growth and increased specific anammox activity by approximately 1.25–1.46 times compared to ACK, further enhancing microbial stability under fluctuating nitrogen loads. Biochar also enriched AnAOB and DNB communities, sustained their dynamic balance and improved system stability by promoting nitrogen removal related gene expression. Overall, biochar demonstrated great potential for improving PN/A system efficiency, optimizing wastewater treatment, and reducing energy consumption and emissions.