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<p>This study investigates the use of struviterient-loaded magnesium-modified biochar beads (Ca/MgBC + NP) as a slow-release fertilizer and soil amendment, comparing its performance with commercially available slow-release fertilizers (SRF) in different soils and crop types. The results demonstrate that Ca/MgBC + NP exhibited satisfying swelling, water retention, and slow-release properties in all tested soils. In sandy soil, which showed the most significant differences (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), Ca/MgBC + NP enhanced the growth of <i>Brassica chinensis</i> L. and <i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L. after 90 d, with shoot and root lengths, as well as fresh and dry weights, 1.25~~2.84 times higher than those treated with SRF. The cation exchange capacity and organic carbon content of sandy soil were significantly improved (by 38.55% and 265.38%), overcoming its natural limitations in water and fertilizer retention. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed that soil properties played a crucial role in crop growth (52.67% variance explained). Spectroscopic analysis indicated that magnesium-related compounds, including struvite and Mg(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, contributed to the observed growth promotion. Furthermore, Ca/MgBC + NP effectively immobilized heavy metals, particularly Cr and Hg, with immobilization rates exceeding 80%. This study highlights the potential of Ca/MgBC + NP as a sustainable, low-cost fertilizer that not only enhances crop growth but also improves soil health and remediates heavy metal contamination, providing a promising alternative for green agriculture.</p>

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Struvite-loaded biochar beads fertilizer for different soils: nutrient slow release, soil properties improvement and heavy metal remediation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月10日

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  • Hanbing Li,
  • Yiwen Wang,
  • Yawen Zhao,
  • Man Qi,
  • Li Wang,
  • Jiangtao Feng,
  • Bing Li

摘要

This study investigates the use of struviterient-loaded magnesium-modified biochar beads (Ca/MgBC + NP) as a slow-release fertilizer and soil amendment, comparing its performance with commercially available slow-release fertilizers (SRF) in different soils and crop types. The results demonstrate that Ca/MgBC + NP exhibited satisfying swelling, water retention, and slow-release properties in all tested soils. In sandy soil, which showed the most significant differences (p < 0.05), Ca/MgBC + NP enhanced the growth of Brassica chinensis L. and Spinacia oleracea L. after 90 d, with shoot and root lengths, as well as fresh and dry weights, 1.25~~2.84 times higher than those treated with SRF. The cation exchange capacity and organic carbon content of sandy soil were significantly improved (by 38.55% and 265.38%), overcoming its natural limitations in water and fertilizer retention. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed that soil properties played a crucial role in crop growth (52.67% variance explained). Spectroscopic analysis indicated that magnesium-related compounds, including struvite and Mg(PO4)3, contributed to the observed growth promotion. Furthermore, Ca/MgBC + NP effectively immobilized heavy metals, particularly Cr and Hg, with immobilization rates exceeding 80%. This study highlights the potential of Ca/MgBC + NP as a sustainable, low-cost fertilizer that not only enhances crop growth but also improves soil health and remediates heavy metal contamination, providing a promising alternative for green agriculture.