<p>In the complex stress environment of deep underground mines, blasting disturbances are more likely to cause damage to shaft linings. To investigate the scattering of P-waves and dynamic response within a shaft lining under an inhomogeneous in-situ stress field, a theoretical model for the critical peak particle velocity (PPV) of shaft linings under the combined action of non-uniform horizontal stress and incident P-waves was established based on multiple-angle method and wave function expansion method. The theory was validated using numerical simulation. The influence of key engineering parameters on the critical PPV of the shaft wall was quantitatively analyzed. Results indicate that the critical PPV of the shaft lining decreases with increasing elastic modulus of the lining and rock, as well as increasing rock density. When the shaft lining is relatively thin, the critical PPV decreases significantly. The stress non-uniformity coefficient (<i>β</i>) shows a significant negative correlation with the critical PPV of the shaft lining. The relationship between in-situ stress magnitude and the critical PPV of the shaft lining changes from positive to negative as (<i>β</i>) increases.</p>