<p>The surrounding rock is prone to large-scale loosening and failure after the excavation of shallow large-span caverns because of the thin overlying strata and large cross-section span. The rational design of bolt support is very important to the safety control of surrounding rock as a common support means. The control mechanism and design method of bolt support for shallow-buried large-span caverns is carried out. The calculation method of bolt prestress and length based on arched failure and collapsed failure mode is established. The influence mechanism of different influencing factors on the bolt prestress and length is clarified. At the same time, the constant resistance energy-absorbing bolt with high strength and high toughness is developed, and the comparative test of mechanical properties is carried out. On this basis, the design method of high prestressed bolt support for shallow-buried large-span caverns is put forward, and the field test is carried out in Qingdao metro station in China. The monitoring results show that the maximum roof settlement is 6.8 mm after the new design method is adopted, and the effective control of the shallow-buried large-span caverns is realized. The research results can provide theoretical and technical support for the safety control of shallow-buried large-span caverns.</p>