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<p>This study was conducted in two sections. Initially, the effects of NaCl, MgCl<sub>2</sub>, and urea were investigated on extracting copper and iron from chalcopyrite. Subsequently, CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-based electrodes for supercapacitors were synthesized using the extracted solution. The first phase revealed that 3 mol/L NaCl achieved the highest extraction performance, yielding 60% Cu and 23% Fe. MgCl<sub>2</sub> at 1.5 mol/L extracted 52% Cu and 27% Fe, while a combination of 0.5 mol/L MgCl<sub>2</sub> and 1.6 mol/L urea yielded 57% Cu and 20% Fe. Urea effectively reduced iron levels. CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-based electrodes were then successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method using a MgCl<sub>2</sub>-urea solution. Characterization studies confirmed CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> formation with a 2D structure and 45–50 nm wall thickness on nickel foam. Electrochemical analysis showed a specific capacitance of 725 mF/cm<sup>2</sup> at 2 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> current density, with energy and power densities of 12.3 mW·h/cm<sup>2</sup> and 175 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. These findings suggest that chalcopyrite has the potential for direct use in energy storage.</p>

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Copper and iron extraction from chalcopyrite by NaCl@MgCl2@urea: Synthesis of CuFe2O4 electrodes for supercapacitors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月1日

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  • Safa Polat,
  • Mariem Mohammed,
  • Muwafaq Mashrah

摘要

This study was conducted in two sections. Initially, the effects of NaCl, MgCl2, and urea were investigated on extracting copper and iron from chalcopyrite. Subsequently, CuFe2O4-based electrodes for supercapacitors were synthesized using the extracted solution. The first phase revealed that 3 mol/L NaCl achieved the highest extraction performance, yielding 60% Cu and 23% Fe. MgCl2 at 1.5 mol/L extracted 52% Cu and 27% Fe, while a combination of 0.5 mol/L MgCl2 and 1.6 mol/L urea yielded 57% Cu and 20% Fe. Urea effectively reduced iron levels. CuFe2O4-based electrodes were then successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method using a MgCl2-urea solution. Characterization studies confirmed CuFe2O4 formation with a 2D structure and 45–50 nm wall thickness on nickel foam. Electrochemical analysis showed a specific capacitance of 725 mF/cm2 at 2 mA/cm2 current density, with energy and power densities of 12.3 mW·h/cm2 and 175 mW/cm2, respectively. These findings suggest that chalcopyrite has the potential for direct use in energy storage.