A review of rockburst: Insights from engineering sites to theoretical investigations

Rockburst has perennially posed a formidable challenge to the stability of underground engineering works, particularly under conditions of deep-seated high stress. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in on-site research related to rockburst occurrences, covering on-site case analyses, monitoring methodologies, early warning systems, and risk (proneness) evaluation. Initially, the concepts and classifications of rockburst based on on-site understanding were summarized. The influences of structural planes (in various spatial distribution combinations), in-situ stress (particularly magnitude and direction of the principal stress), dynamic disturbances, and excavation profiles on rockburst were thoroughly assessed and discussed through the analysis of published rockburst cases and on-site survey results. Subsequently, a compendium of commonly employed on-site monitoring techniques was outlined, delineating their respective technical attributes. Particular emphasis is accorded to the efficacy of microseismic monitoring technology and its prospective utility in facilitating dynamic rockburst early warning mechanisms. Building upon this foundation, the feasibility of assessing rockburst propensity while considering on-site variables is verified, encompassing the selection and quantitative evaluation of pertinent indicators. Ultimately, a comprehensive synthesis of the paper is presented, alongside the articulation of prospective research goals for the future.