A review on the cooling of energy conversion and storage systems using thermoelectric modules

Exploitation of sustainable energy sources requires the use of unique conversion and storage systems, such as solar panels, batteries, fuel cells, and electronic equipment. Thermal load management of these energy conversion and storage systems is one of their challenges and concerns. In this article, the thermal management of these systems using thermoelectric modules is reviewed. The results show that by choosing the right option to remove heat from the hot side of the thermoelectric modules, it will be a suitable local cooling, and the thermoelectric modules increase the power and lifespan of the system by reducing the spot temperature. Thermoelectric modules were effective in reducing panel temperature. They increase the time to reach a temperature above 50 °C in batteries by 3 to 4 times. Also, in their integration with fuel cells, they increase the power density of the fuel cell.