<p>The stability of conglomerate aquitards under acid corrosion is critical for the safe recovery of coal seams in in-situ leaching mining. Uniaxial compression tests on conglomerates under sulfuric acid corrosion revealed a transition from brittle to ductile failure as corrosion time increased. Peak stress, yield stress, elastic modulus, and initial stress in elastic stage decreased non-linearly, while peak point strain, yield strain, and initial strain in elastic stage increased initially and then plateaued. SEM analysis showed dissolution pores, deteriorated cementation, and white powder (CaSO₄ precipitates) on the surface after corrosion, confirmed by XRD. Energy analysis indicated that, in the compaction stage, dissipated energy density exceeded elastic energy density. Before entering the elastic stage, the two curves intersect. After this intersection point, the dissipated energy density remains stable, while the elastic energy density increases rapidly. In the plastic stage, dissipated energy density rose sharply, leading to failure. Using Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient analysis, the correlation relationships between the parameters were ranked as follows: the highest correlation was observed between peak stress and elastic modulus, followed by yield stress, elastic energy density, input energy density, peak point strain, initial stress in elastic stage, initial strain in elastic stage, and dissipated energy density. Systematically revealing the energy evolution mode and parameter sensitivity ranking of conglomerate layers under acid corrosion can provide certain theoretical support for ensuring the stability of coal uranium co-mining conglomerate layers.</p>