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<p>Rock-concrete composites, as key structural elements in underground engineering and protective systems, exhibit impact resistance governed by the coupled effects of interface roughness and impact loading. This study aims to clarify the multiscale mechanisms by which interface roughness regulates the dynamic response and energy conversion of rock-concrete composites. Four rock-concrete composites with different interface roughness levels (equivalent JRC (eJRC)=0, 2, 4, and 6) were prepared, and Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) tests were conducted at impact air pressures of 0.10, 0.15, and 0.25 MPa. Based on the dynamic stress-strain curves, the dynamic compressive strength, peak strain, deformation modulus, and energy partitioning were systematically evaluated. In addition, the impact-induced fragmentation characteristics and pore-structure features were investigated through fractal-dimension analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing. The results show that both the dynamic compressive strength and deformation modulus increase approximately linearly with interface roughness, with the most pronounced enhancement occurring at high strain rates. The unit volume energy density first increases and then decreases with roughness, reaching a maximum at eJRC=4. Meanwhile, the energy reflection coefficient is minimized at eJRC=4, indicating the most effective energy dissipation and wave-energy transmission into the specimen. As the impact air pressure increases, the failure mode evolves from localized failure to overall failure and ultimately to pulverization; higher roughness can delay failure development and improve structural integrity. Fractal-dimension and NMR results further reveal that moderate roughness promotes crack propagation while suppressing the formation of large pores, thereby enhancing mechanical performance at the mesoscale. Overall, this study elucidates the multiscale mechanisms by which interface roughness controls the dynamic response and energy conversion of rock-concrete composites, providing theoretical support for the design of impact-resistant structures.</p>

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Impact Mechanical Behavior and Energy Dissipation Analysis of Rock-Concrete Composites with different Interface Roughness

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Wei-jing Yao,
  • Han-bing Xu,
  • Sheng-qi Yang,
  • Shao-ge Rui,
  • Jian-yong Pang

摘要

Rock-concrete composites, as key structural elements in underground engineering and protective systems, exhibit impact resistance governed by the coupled effects of interface roughness and impact loading. This study aims to clarify the multiscale mechanisms by which interface roughness regulates the dynamic response and energy conversion of rock-concrete composites. Four rock-concrete composites with different interface roughness levels (equivalent JRC (eJRC)=0, 2, 4, and 6) were prepared, and Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) tests were conducted at impact air pressures of 0.10, 0.15, and 0.25 MPa. Based on the dynamic stress-strain curves, the dynamic compressive strength, peak strain, deformation modulus, and energy partitioning were systematically evaluated. In addition, the impact-induced fragmentation characteristics and pore-structure features were investigated through fractal-dimension analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing. The results show that both the dynamic compressive strength and deformation modulus increase approximately linearly with interface roughness, with the most pronounced enhancement occurring at high strain rates. The unit volume energy density first increases and then decreases with roughness, reaching a maximum at eJRC=4. Meanwhile, the energy reflection coefficient is minimized at eJRC=4, indicating the most effective energy dissipation and wave-energy transmission into the specimen. As the impact air pressure increases, the failure mode evolves from localized failure to overall failure and ultimately to pulverization; higher roughness can delay failure development and improve structural integrity. Fractal-dimension and NMR results further reveal that moderate roughness promotes crack propagation while suppressing the formation of large pores, thereby enhancing mechanical performance at the mesoscale. Overall, this study elucidates the multiscale mechanisms by which interface roughness controls the dynamic response and energy conversion of rock-concrete composites, providing theoretical support for the design of impact-resistant structures.