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<p>During high-speed train operations, interaction between moving train loads and seismic excitation affects the bridge superstructure and alters the stress state of piles and the surrounding ground. To examine pile-base dynamics under combined loading, this study developed an integrated three-dimensional track–bridge–pile–soil finite-element model using ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). Custom viscoelastic boundaries were applied at the base and along the lateral boundaries to simulate wave radiation and energy absorption. Train effects were modeled as moving concentrated loads, and three-component ground motions were imposed to generate coupled scenarios. Time histories of pile-base displacement, acceleration, and dynamic stress were evaluated across a range of train speeds and earthquake intensities. The results revealed a pronounced nonlinear interaction at the foundation: peak responses were lower than those predicted by linear superposition, while the effective frequency band broadened. Within a speed-sensitive regime (200∼250 km/h), low-frequency longitudinal (along-bridge) components dominated. As speed increased, these components shifted to higher frequencies, concentrating bending moment and shear and causing local dynamic amplification at the pile base.</p>

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Train–Bridge–Pile–Soil Interaction and Pile-Base Seismic Response in Multi-Span Simply Supported High-Speed Railway Bridges

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月23日

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  • Wei Xie,
  • Changhe Chen,
  • Jinping Yu,
  • Meng Gao

摘要

During high-speed train operations, interaction between moving train loads and seismic excitation affects the bridge superstructure and alters the stress state of piles and the surrounding ground. To examine pile-base dynamics under combined loading, this study developed an integrated three-dimensional track–bridge–pile–soil finite-element model using ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). Custom viscoelastic boundaries were applied at the base and along the lateral boundaries to simulate wave radiation and energy absorption. Train effects were modeled as moving concentrated loads, and three-component ground motions were imposed to generate coupled scenarios. Time histories of pile-base displacement, acceleration, and dynamic stress were evaluated across a range of train speeds and earthquake intensities. The results revealed a pronounced nonlinear interaction at the foundation: peak responses were lower than those predicted by linear superposition, while the effective frequency band broadened. Within a speed-sensitive regime (200∼250 km/h), low-frequency longitudinal (along-bridge) components dominated. As speed increased, these components shifted to higher frequencies, concentrating bending moment and shear and causing local dynamic amplification at the pile base.