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<p>In seismic data processing from areas with complex near-surface geometries, residual static correction is a critical factor influencing final imaging quality. This study focuses on two typical types of such complex areas—faulted basins and complex foothill belts—by conducting an in-depth analysis of their geological conditions and seismic data characteristics. Corresponding static correction solutions are proposed. For faulted basins, an iterative processing flow of “first-arrival wave tomography static correction + surface-consistent residual static correction + high-density velocity analysis” was adopted, which effectively resolved time-shift distortions in fault-shadow zones, reducing the root-mean-square error (RMSE) from 15 ms to &lt;3 ms. In the complex foothill belts, a methodology integrating “multi-information constrained tomography static correction + Monte Carlo global optimization + anisotropic velocity analysis” was implemented, significantly suppressing the cycle-skipping phenomenon in steep topographic gradient zones and improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by 40%. Practical applications demonstrate that these two targeted approaches can substantially enhance the seismic imaging quality in complex near-surface regions, thereby providing reliable data for hydrocarbon exploration.</p>

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Residual Static Correction Methods and Applications for Complex Near-Surface Regions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Zhong-po Zhang,
  • Lan-hua Wang,
  • Wei-wei Duan,
  • Yan Su

摘要

In seismic data processing from areas with complex near-surface geometries, residual static correction is a critical factor influencing final imaging quality. This study focuses on two typical types of such complex areas—faulted basins and complex foothill belts—by conducting an in-depth analysis of their geological conditions and seismic data characteristics. Corresponding static correction solutions are proposed. For faulted basins, an iterative processing flow of “first-arrival wave tomography static correction + surface-consistent residual static correction + high-density velocity analysis” was adopted, which effectively resolved time-shift distortions in fault-shadow zones, reducing the root-mean-square error (RMSE) from 15 ms to <3 ms. In the complex foothill belts, a methodology integrating “multi-information constrained tomography static correction + Monte Carlo global optimization + anisotropic velocity analysis” was implemented, significantly suppressing the cycle-skipping phenomenon in steep topographic gradient zones and improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by 40%. Practical applications demonstrate that these two targeted approaches can substantially enhance the seismic imaging quality in complex near-surface regions, thereby providing reliable data for hydrocarbon exploration.