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<p>Under the national “Dual Carbon” strategy, the development and utilization of stable and efficient renewable energy has become pivotal for energy structure transformation. Shandong Province hosts abundant geothermal resources with significant potential for large-scale exploitation. This paper systematically reviews the technological framework and application prospects of geothermal energy development in Shandong. First, the geological model of the geothermal system, centered on the “source-reservoir-caprock-conduit” framework, is elucidated. The characteristics of major thermal reservoirs, including the Neogene Guantao Formation, Paleogene Dongying Formation, and Cambrian-Ordovician strata, are analyzed in the context of Shandong’s geologic setting. Subsequently, advanced geophysical exploration methodologies—such as Magnetotelluric (MT), Controlled-Source Audio-Frequency Magnetotellurics (CSAMT), and Wide-Field Electromagnetic Method (WFEM)—are highlighted for their critical roles in precisely delineating thermal reservoirs and identifying heat-controlling structures, significantly improving exploration efficiency. In terms of utilization, this study examines diversified application models guided by the “cascade utilization” principle, emphasizing high-efficiency geothermal heating technologies (e.g., geothermal heat pump systems) and power generation technologies (dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle systems) tailored to resources of varying temperatures. The review demonstrates that technological innovations and mature application frameworks are driving the geothermal industry in Shandong toward high-quality development, providing robust support for regional energy security and low-carbon transition.</p>

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Review of Geothermal Energy Development Technologies and Application Prospects in Shandong Province, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • Chun-feng Liu,
  • Xia-min Jia,
  • Kun Liang,
  • Lin-zhi Lang,
  • Yan Zhang,
  • Yi-guo Xue,
  • Zhong-chang Qian,
  • Fan-meng Kong

摘要

Under the national “Dual Carbon” strategy, the development and utilization of stable and efficient renewable energy has become pivotal for energy structure transformation. Shandong Province hosts abundant geothermal resources with significant potential for large-scale exploitation. This paper systematically reviews the technological framework and application prospects of geothermal energy development in Shandong. First, the geological model of the geothermal system, centered on the “source-reservoir-caprock-conduit” framework, is elucidated. The characteristics of major thermal reservoirs, including the Neogene Guantao Formation, Paleogene Dongying Formation, and Cambrian-Ordovician strata, are analyzed in the context of Shandong’s geologic setting. Subsequently, advanced geophysical exploration methodologies—such as Magnetotelluric (MT), Controlled-Source Audio-Frequency Magnetotellurics (CSAMT), and Wide-Field Electromagnetic Method (WFEM)—are highlighted for their critical roles in precisely delineating thermal reservoirs and identifying heat-controlling structures, significantly improving exploration efficiency. In terms of utilization, this study examines diversified application models guided by the “cascade utilization” principle, emphasizing high-efficiency geothermal heating technologies (e.g., geothermal heat pump systems) and power generation technologies (dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle systems) tailored to resources of varying temperatures. The review demonstrates that technological innovations and mature application frameworks are driving the geothermal industry in Shandong toward high-quality development, providing robust support for regional energy security and low-carbon transition.