<p>This study investigates the relationship between geomagnetic storms and ionospheric total electron content (TEC) disturbances during interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICME) events from 2000 to 2017. The research employed statistical analysis methods to examine data from 56 ICME events and their corresponding ionospheric TEC disturbances. The results reveal that TEC disturbances preceded geomagnetic storms in 68% of SB-type events, particularly in mid-latitude regions compared to low-latitude regions. Specifically, the duration of positive ionospheric TEC disturbances is significantly related to latitude and the type of geomagnetic storm. In contrast, the duration of negative ionospheric TEC disturbances is primarily influenced by latitude and is independent of the geomagnetic storm type. Notably, the duration of both positive-negative and negative-positive ionospheric TEC disturbance is not significantly related to latitude or the type of geomagnetic storm. Furthermore, the study identifies an asymmetry in the duration of ionospheric TEC disturbance under the same type of geomagnetic storm in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres with respect to latitude. For instance, during SB-type geomagnetic storms, the duration of positive ionospheric TEC disturbance at mid-latitudes (40°N, 50°N, 60°N) is mainly 0–12 hours, while at low-latitudes (10°S, 0°, 10°N, 20°N, 30°N) it ranges from 0–12 hours to 48–96 hours. These results provide valuable insights into the Sun-Earth energy coupling mechanism and offer a theoretical basis for the prediction and monitoring of ionospheric TEC disturbance, enhancing our understanding of the complex interactions between geomagnetic storms and ionospheric TEC disturbances.</p>