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<p>HIV infection continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with sub-Saharan Africa bearing a disproportionate burden. The replication cycle of HIV is fundamentally driven by intricate molecular interactions. This study investigates the competitive biochemical interplay between reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN) enzymes, employing a fractional calculus framework to model their mutual inhibitory effects. Through the application of fixed-point theory and Picard stability analysis, the existence, uniqueness, and stability of the fractional-order system are rigorously established. The role of RT-IN enzymatic competition in influencing HIV replication dynamics is elucidated through global sensitivity analysis using Latin Hypercube Sampling. Furthermore, the model incorporates memory-dependent characteristics by examining three distinct fractional operators, namely, the Caputo, Caputo-Fabrizio, and Atangana-Baleanu operators in the Caputo sense, thereby elucidating their respective influences on system behavior. The Atangana-Baleanu operator, in particular, demonstrates an enhanced capacity to capture the complex, synergistic processes underpinning HIV progression. This research provides a critical nexus between molecular virology and applied mathematics, offering foundational insights for the advancement of more precise and targeted therapeutic strategies against HIV.</p>

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Fractional calculus approach to RT-IN enzymatic competition in modulating HIV replication dynamics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月1日

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  • Tushar Ghosh,
  • Oluwole Daniel Makinde,
  • Shu Wang,
  • Priti Kumar Roy

摘要

HIV infection continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with sub-Saharan Africa bearing a disproportionate burden. The replication cycle of HIV is fundamentally driven by intricate molecular interactions. This study investigates the competitive biochemical interplay between reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN) enzymes, employing a fractional calculus framework to model their mutual inhibitory effects. Through the application of fixed-point theory and Picard stability analysis, the existence, uniqueness, and stability of the fractional-order system are rigorously established. The role of RT-IN enzymatic competition in influencing HIV replication dynamics is elucidated through global sensitivity analysis using Latin Hypercube Sampling. Furthermore, the model incorporates memory-dependent characteristics by examining three distinct fractional operators, namely, the Caputo, Caputo-Fabrizio, and Atangana-Baleanu operators in the Caputo sense, thereby elucidating their respective influences on system behavior. The Atangana-Baleanu operator, in particular, demonstrates an enhanced capacity to capture the complex, synergistic processes underpinning HIV progression. This research provides a critical nexus between molecular virology and applied mathematics, offering foundational insights for the advancement of more precise and targeted therapeutic strategies against HIV.