<p>The quality of urban human settlements has become an important yardstick to measure the level of urban development. Due to the complexity and particularity of environmental conditions, different regions have remarkable characteristics, which provide more space for the survival and reproduction of biological populations. However, the unused land cannot be rationally transformed, the space utilization rate is low, the rate of biodiversity protection can not be improved, and the standard deviation is high. Therefore, the optimization of urban human settlements ecological garden landscape under edge effect is proposed. Calculate the homogeneity value and heterogeneity value of the spatial morphological characteristics of urban human settlements ecological landscape, extract the spatial morphological characteristics of urban human settlements ecological landscape, and calculate the optimization index weight; Construct an optimal layout model of urban human settlement environment ecological garden landscape, set constraints and solve the model; Under the edge effect theory, according to the calculation results of ecological connectivity and landscape aesthetics, the design scheme is optimized and adjusted, and the landscape optimization index is calculated. Based on this index, the results of the consistency index and random consistency index are analyzed, and the layout is corrected and achieve landscape optimization.. The experimental results show that most of the unused land has been reasonably utilized and transformed after optimization by this method, and the spatial utilization rate after transformation is high, with the maximum value of 99.07%, which effectively improves the compliance rate of biodiversity protection, with the maximum value of 99.6% and the standard deviation of 10%, which has a good optimization effect.</p>