Joint signal parameter estimation of DOA and frequency based on ST-ANM

This paper proposes a novel gridless estimation algorithm to jointly estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) and frequency parameters of multiple signals. First, the concept of atomic norm is introduced to the space-time domain, and the Space-Time Atomic Norm Minimization (ST-ANM) algorithm is proposed. Then, an equivalent semidefinite programming (SDP) problem is used to solve the ST-ANM. In addition, the optimization scheme is scaled down by blocking the signal matrix and the singular value decomposition (SVD) process to reduce the computational complexity. The joint parameters are embedded in a double block Toeplitz matrix whose dimension is only related to the number of elements of the array. The algorithm works without grid mismatch and without additional pairing procedures. The simulation results demonstrate the exceptional estimation performance of the algorithm, both in terms of accuracy and efficiency.