Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces with energy harvesting from vibrations

Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (STAR-RIS) represent a cutting-edge technology in wireless communications, allowing surfaces to both transmit and reflect signals simultaneously. This dual functionality provides greater flexibility and efficiency in signal propagation and spectrum management. Integrating energy harvesting from vibrations into STAR-RIS creates an innovative and sustainable solution for powering these systems, enabling autonomous operation in environments where conventional power sources are unavailable. By converting ambient mechanical energy into electrical power, vibration-based energy harvesting supports the continuous operation of STAR-RIS without reliance on external energy sources. This advancement has significant implications for the deployment of future wireless networks, including smart cities, the Internet of Things, and remote sensing applications, offering a pathway to greener and more efficient communication infrastructure.