Das Konzept der Dysfunktionen im Dimensionalen Modell der Persönlichkeitsstörung und seine Abgrenzung zu den Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen

Functional impairments or dysfunctions form the conceptual framework of the classification of personality disorders in DSM‑5 and ICD-11. Dysfunctions represent the basic psychological and biological systems that form the core of personality disorders (PD). They imply the evaluation of metacognitive processes in terms of a reflexive self that inextricably interact with interpersonal processes. More than the personality traits, the dysfunctions are interrelated with the (social) context. They also reflect the dynamic aspects of PD, which include both the acute situational variability and the slow oscillations associated with developmental and chronic challenges. Ultimately, dysfunctions are the target of therapeutic actions based on the understanding of the processes underlying change.