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<p>Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an important biopolymer recognized for its high purity, crystallinity, mechanical strength and biocompatibility. However, its commercial-scale production is limited by low productivity and high production costs. In this study, BC production by <i>Komagataeibacter diospyri</i> RSA4 was optimized through a two-step approach, followed by functional enhancement through chitosan (CS) incorporation. Initially, key physicochemical parameters including, pH, inoculum size, incubation period, temperature and media-to-flask ratio, were individually optimized using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method. Subsequently, most significant variables were statistically optimized using Central Composite Design (CCD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Optimized conditions (pH 4.0, 30&#xa0;°C, 15&#xa0;days), resulted in a 1.75-fold increase in BC yield (2.28&#xa0;g/L) compared to unoptimized conditions (1.3&#xa0;g/L), with model predictions showing 97% accuracy. To enhance functional performance, CS was incorporated into BC via solvent casting to form BC-CS composite films. Among the formulations, BC-CS<sup>2</sup> film exhibited high antimicrobial efficacy, with inhibition zones up to 8.5&#xa0;mm against, <i>E. coli</i>, <i>B. subtilis</i>, <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>C. albicans,</i> confirming role of CS in imparting bioactivity. Characterization by FTIR, XRD, SEM, UV–Vis, and EDS confirmed successful integration of CS and improved material properties, highlighting the potential of BC-CS composites for antimicrobial packaging application. Overall, this work integrates strain-specific optimization with subsequent functional material development.</p>

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Integrated OFAT-RSM optimization of bacterial cellulose production and development of antimicrobial bacterial cellulose-chitosan composite films

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Rakshanda Singh,
  • Moniya Katyal,
  • Ritu Mahajan,
  • Ranjan Gupta,
  • Neeraj Kumar Aggarwal,
  • Anita Yadav

摘要

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an important biopolymer recognized for its high purity, crystallinity, mechanical strength and biocompatibility. However, its commercial-scale production is limited by low productivity and high production costs. In this study, BC production by Komagataeibacter diospyri RSA4 was optimized through a two-step approach, followed by functional enhancement through chitosan (CS) incorporation. Initially, key physicochemical parameters including, pH, inoculum size, incubation period, temperature and media-to-flask ratio, were individually optimized using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method. Subsequently, most significant variables were statistically optimized using Central Composite Design (CCD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Optimized conditions (pH 4.0, 30 °C, 15 days), resulted in a 1.75-fold increase in BC yield (2.28 g/L) compared to unoptimized conditions (1.3 g/L), with model predictions showing 97% accuracy. To enhance functional performance, CS was incorporated into BC via solvent casting to form BC-CS composite films. Among the formulations, BC-CS2 film exhibited high antimicrobial efficacy, with inhibition zones up to 8.5 mm against, E. coli, B. subtilis, S. aureus and C. albicans, confirming role of CS in imparting bioactivity. Characterization by FTIR, XRD, SEM, UV–Vis, and EDS confirmed successful integration of CS and improved material properties, highlighting the potential of BC-CS composites for antimicrobial packaging application. Overall, this work integrates strain-specific optimization with subsequent functional material development.