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<p>Acetaminophen (APAP) contamination has become a significant global environmental issue due to its widespread use and persistence in natural ecosystems. This study aimed to screen lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for their ability to tolerate and/or remove APAP, and to evaluate the probiotic and safety profiles of the most promising strain. Among the tested strains, <i>Levilactobacillus brevis</i> O8S2 demonstrated a strong capacity to tolerate APAP at concentrations of 100 and 400&#xa0;mg/L. Notably; this strain was able to grow efficiently in glucose-free MRS medium (GFM) supplemented with varying APAP concentrations, indicating metabolic adaptability. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis confirmed that the strain was able to significantly remove APAP, with removal rates of 55.46% in GFM and 84.48% in MRS medium after 72&#xa0;h of incubation, respectively. <i>In vitro</i> assessment of probiotic traits revealed that <i>L. brevis</i> O8S2 exhibited excellent resistance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions, strong antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, and high surface hydrophobicity. The strain also exhibited strong auto-aggregation and co-aggregation capacities. In addition, it was susceptible to most of the tested antibiotics and showed neither hemolytic nor gelatinase activity. The <i>in vitro</i> coexistence assay further confirmed the absence of antagonistic interactions among the combined LAB strains. These findings suggest that <i>L. brevis</i> O8S2 holds promise for dual-purpose applications as a functional probiotic and a bioremediation agent for pharmaceutical pollutants like APAP.</p>

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Removal of acetaminophen by Levilactobacillus brevis O8S2 and in vitro evaluation of its probiotic and safety profile

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月24日

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  • Ibtissem Chekired,
  • Nadia Aliouche,
  • Hanane Roula,
  • Amel Ait-Meddour,
  • Mohamed Sifour,
  • Houria Ouled-Haddar

摘要

Acetaminophen (APAP) contamination has become a significant global environmental issue due to its widespread use and persistence in natural ecosystems. This study aimed to screen lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for their ability to tolerate and/or remove APAP, and to evaluate the probiotic and safety profiles of the most promising strain. Among the tested strains, Levilactobacillus brevis O8S2 demonstrated a strong capacity to tolerate APAP at concentrations of 100 and 400 mg/L. Notably; this strain was able to grow efficiently in glucose-free MRS medium (GFM) supplemented with varying APAP concentrations, indicating metabolic adaptability. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis confirmed that the strain was able to significantly remove APAP, with removal rates of 55.46% in GFM and 84.48% in MRS medium after 72 h of incubation, respectively. In vitro assessment of probiotic traits revealed that L. brevis O8S2 exhibited excellent resistance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions, strong antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, and high surface hydrophobicity. The strain also exhibited strong auto-aggregation and co-aggregation capacities. In addition, it was susceptible to most of the tested antibiotics and showed neither hemolytic nor gelatinase activity. The in vitro coexistence assay further confirmed the absence of antagonistic interactions among the combined LAB strains. These findings suggest that L. brevis O8S2 holds promise for dual-purpose applications as a functional probiotic and a bioremediation agent for pharmaceutical pollutants like APAP.