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<p>Genetic characterization deals with genetic diversity of the gene pool which is important in conservation and breeding programs of crops. A little work has been presented on Western Himalaya apple (<i>Malus domestica</i>) diversity. Chloroplast ribosomal protein gene (<i>rps</i>14) and <i>atp</i>β gene promoter markers amplified and sequenced from eleven and ten apple varieties, respectively. Phylogram and pairwise distance for <i>rps</i>14 showed very low genetic diversity about 0.0050 and 0.0037–0.041 respectively. Nucleotide composition showed the nucleotide frequencies A = 28.8%, T/U = 27.4%, C = 20%, and G = 23.8% and Tajima’s neutrality test revealed 0.036 nucleotide diversity based on <i>rps</i>14 gene. Similarly, <i>atp</i>β promoter-based phylogram and pairwise distance showed genetic distance of 0.0050 and 0.22 – 0.78 respectively revealing a very low genetic diversity Nucleotide composition demonstrated the nucleotide frequencies A = 33.1%, T/U = 34.2%, C = 16.7%, and G = 16.0% and Tajima’s neutrality test revealed 0.45 nucleotide diversity based on <i>atp</i>β. Based on both markers, it can be concluded that there is a low genetic diversity among the studied apple varieties, indicating a very high degree of similarity among Western Himalayan apple varieties fortified by grafting and farmers selection pressure. For an ample genetic makeup and variations at the molecular level, a comprehensive study is needed to consider a number of markers from large number of cultivars for assessing polymorphism about a specific trait. Genetic variations should be increased and maintained by new and wild adoptable apple varieties to make an important source of genetically diverse germplasm.</p>

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Genetic diversity of different apple varieties from Western Himalayas based on chloroplast rps14 gene and atpβ promoter

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Wasim Akhtar,
  • Eefa Manzoor,
  • Javed Ahmed Khan,
  • Ghazanfar Ali,
  • Raees Khan,
  • Ammara Munir,
  • Shaimaa A. M. Abdelmohsen,
  • Muydinjon Mominov

摘要

Genetic characterization deals with genetic diversity of the gene pool which is important in conservation and breeding programs of crops. A little work has been presented on Western Himalaya apple (Malus domestica) diversity. Chloroplast ribosomal protein gene (rps14) and atpβ gene promoter markers amplified and sequenced from eleven and ten apple varieties, respectively. Phylogram and pairwise distance for rps14 showed very low genetic diversity about 0.0050 and 0.0037–0.041 respectively. Nucleotide composition showed the nucleotide frequencies A = 28.8%, T/U = 27.4%, C = 20%, and G = 23.8% and Tajima’s neutrality test revealed 0.036 nucleotide diversity based on rps14 gene. Similarly, atpβ promoter-based phylogram and pairwise distance showed genetic distance of 0.0050 and 0.22 – 0.78 respectively revealing a very low genetic diversity Nucleotide composition demonstrated the nucleotide frequencies A = 33.1%, T/U = 34.2%, C = 16.7%, and G = 16.0% and Tajima’s neutrality test revealed 0.45 nucleotide diversity based on atpβ. Based on both markers, it can be concluded that there is a low genetic diversity among the studied apple varieties, indicating a very high degree of similarity among Western Himalayan apple varieties fortified by grafting and farmers selection pressure. For an ample genetic makeup and variations at the molecular level, a comprehensive study is needed to consider a number of markers from large number of cultivars for assessing polymorphism about a specific trait. Genetic variations should be increased and maintained by new and wild adoptable apple varieties to make an important source of genetically diverse germplasm.