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<p>Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) have emerged as a critical healthcare burden, driven by highly adaptive biofilm-forming uropathogens and the rapid global rise of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, Foley catheters were functionalized with chitosan and gentamicin sulphate as independent antimicrobial coatings and comparatively evaluated against clinically isolated <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Both coatings exhibited antimicrobial activity; however, gentamicin demonstrated larger zones of inhibition (up to 20&#xa0;mm) and strong inhibitory and bactericidal effects compared to chitosan. Release studies showed sustained antimicrobial activity of gentamicin for up to seven days, whereas chitosan exhibited a shorter release duration. Anti-adhesion assays revealed that chitosan inhibited bacterial attachment for up to 72&#xa0;h, while gentamicin prevented attachment throughout the study period. Time-kill analysis confirmed a strong bactericidal effect of gentamicin with complete eradication within 72&#xa0;h, whereas chitosan showed a bacteriostatic effect. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis further supported these findings by demonstrating reduced biofilm formation on coated catheter surfaces. This comparative multi-assay study highlights the superior sustained efficacy of gentamicin and the biocompatible antibiofilm potential of chitosan, supporting their application in developing localized strategies to prevent CAUTIs and combat multidrug-resistant uropathogens.</p>

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Antimicrobial and antifouling efficacy of Foley catheters coated with chitosan or gentamicin sulphate to prevent bacterial colonization by uropathogens

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Shilpa Kumari,
  • Ankita Singh,
  • Karuna Sharma

摘要

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) have emerged as a critical healthcare burden, driven by highly adaptive biofilm-forming uropathogens and the rapid global rise of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, Foley catheters were functionalized with chitosan and gentamicin sulphate as independent antimicrobial coatings and comparatively evaluated against clinically isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Both coatings exhibited antimicrobial activity; however, gentamicin demonstrated larger zones of inhibition (up to 20 mm) and strong inhibitory and bactericidal effects compared to chitosan. Release studies showed sustained antimicrobial activity of gentamicin for up to seven days, whereas chitosan exhibited a shorter release duration. Anti-adhesion assays revealed that chitosan inhibited bacterial attachment for up to 72 h, while gentamicin prevented attachment throughout the study period. Time-kill analysis confirmed a strong bactericidal effect of gentamicin with complete eradication within 72 h, whereas chitosan showed a bacteriostatic effect. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis further supported these findings by demonstrating reduced biofilm formation on coated catheter surfaces. This comparative multi-assay study highlights the superior sustained efficacy of gentamicin and the biocompatible antibiofilm potential of chitosan, supporting their application in developing localized strategies to prevent CAUTIs and combat multidrug-resistant uropathogens.