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<p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a critical global health concern, posing serious threats to human health and leading to deadly infections. The increased incidence of resistance among microbes, coupled with the gaps in the discovery of novel antibiotics, has created an urgent need to search for alternative sources of antimicrobial molecules that can inhibit drug-resistant pathogens. The present study isolated bacteria from freshwater environments, serving as potential sources of bioactive molecules. The isolated bacteria exhibited antagonistic activity against AMR pathogens through contact-dependent mechanisms, by cross-streaking and agar well-diffusion methods.&#xa0;Water samples were collected from various freshwater sites across Uttarakhand, India, and the isolated bacteria were screened for antagonistic activity against two clinically important multidrug-resistant pathogens,&#xa0;namely <i>Salmonella paratyphi</i> and&#xa0;<i>Acinetobacter baumannii.&#xa0;</i>Two isolates demonstrated significant inhibitory activity (designated as A3 and E31) against <i>S. paratyphi,</i> whereas no activity was observed against <i>A. baumannii</i>. Further identification of these isolates through morphological and molecular characterization (16S rRNA sequencing) confirmed them to be <i>Bacillus safensis</i> and <i>Proteus mirabilis,</i> respectively.&#xa0;Their sequence data were submitted to GenBank, and accession numbers PP256730 and PP446675 were obtained, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first documentation of antagonistic activity exerted by freshwater <i>Bacillus</i> and <i>Proteus</i> species against AMR pathogens. The study further highlights the potential of freshwater habitats as important sources of antimicrobial-producing bacteria, which can be further exploited for the development of novel drugs to tackle the threat of AMR.</p>

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Antagonistic bacteria from freshwater exhibiting inhibitory potential against multidrug-resistant pathogens

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • Ishita Bhadreshbhai Raninga,
  • Anjaliba Atulsinh Jadeja,
  • Shreya Atulbhai Kathiriya,
  • Aastha Bhaveshbhai Patel,
  • Debashis Ratneswar Banerjee

摘要

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a critical global health concern, posing serious threats to human health and leading to deadly infections. The increased incidence of resistance among microbes, coupled with the gaps in the discovery of novel antibiotics, has created an urgent need to search for alternative sources of antimicrobial molecules that can inhibit drug-resistant pathogens. The present study isolated bacteria from freshwater environments, serving as potential sources of bioactive molecules. The isolated bacteria exhibited antagonistic activity against AMR pathogens through contact-dependent mechanisms, by cross-streaking and agar well-diffusion methods. Water samples were collected from various freshwater sites across Uttarakhand, India, and the isolated bacteria were screened for antagonistic activity against two clinically important multidrug-resistant pathogens, namely Salmonella paratyphi and Acinetobacter baumannii. Two isolates demonstrated significant inhibitory activity (designated as A3 and E31) against S. paratyphi, whereas no activity was observed against A. baumannii. Further identification of these isolates through morphological and molecular characterization (16S rRNA sequencing) confirmed them to be Bacillus safensis and Proteus mirabilis, respectively. Their sequence data were submitted to GenBank, and accession numbers PP256730 and PP446675 were obtained, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first documentation of antagonistic activity exerted by freshwater Bacillus and Proteus species against AMR pathogens. The study further highlights the potential of freshwater habitats as important sources of antimicrobial-producing bacteria, which can be further exploited for the development of novel drugs to tackle the threat of AMR.