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<p>The rising threat of extensively drug- and carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (XDR-CRAB) necessitates novel antimicrobial strategies. This study evaluates the efficacy of <i>Dracocephalum kotschyi</i> essential oil (EO) against clinical XDR-CRAB strains. GC–MS analysis revealed that the EO was dominated by perilla aldehyde (54.73%) and limonene (20.50%). The EO exhibited potent bactericidal activity with MIC and MBC values of 1–1.4&#xa0;mg/mL and 2–2.81&#xa0;mg/mL, respectively. Notably, the EO prevented biofilm formation (MBIC: 0.9–1&#xa0;mg/mL) and eradicated mature biofilms (MBEC: 1.8–2&#xa0;mg/mL), with SEM imaging confirming architectural disintegration. RT-qPCR results revealed significant downregulation of quorum-sensing genes (<i>abaI</i>/<i>abaR</i> by up to 90.4%), while molecular docking analysis identified limonene and perilla aldehyde as key binders to AbaI/AbaR proteins. Additionally, the constituent 1,8-cineole suppressed biofilm-associated genes <i>bap</i>/<i>csuD</i> by up to 71%. These results demonstrate that <i>D. kotschyi</i> EO acts as a promising multi-target agent against XDR-CRAB, concurrently disrupting virulence signaling and biofilm integrity. &#xa0;&#xa0;</p>

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Potential of Dracocephalum kotschyi essential oil in targeting biofilm in XDR-CRAB Acinetobacter baumannii

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Mohadeseh Almasiro,
  • Matia Sadat Borhani,
  • Mahmood Salehi,
  • Sohrab Boozarpour,
  • Meisam Habibi

摘要

The rising threat of extensively drug- and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDR-CRAB) necessitates novel antimicrobial strategies. This study evaluates the efficacy of Dracocephalum kotschyi essential oil (EO) against clinical XDR-CRAB strains. GC–MS analysis revealed that the EO was dominated by perilla aldehyde (54.73%) and limonene (20.50%). The EO exhibited potent bactericidal activity with MIC and MBC values of 1–1.4 mg/mL and 2–2.81 mg/mL, respectively. Notably, the EO prevented biofilm formation (MBIC: 0.9–1 mg/mL) and eradicated mature biofilms (MBEC: 1.8–2 mg/mL), with SEM imaging confirming architectural disintegration. RT-qPCR results revealed significant downregulation of quorum-sensing genes (abaI/abaR by up to 90.4%), while molecular docking analysis identified limonene and perilla aldehyde as key binders to AbaI/AbaR proteins. Additionally, the constituent 1,8-cineole suppressed biofilm-associated genes bap/csuD by up to 71%. These results demonstrate that D. kotschyi EO acts as a promising multi-target agent against XDR-CRAB, concurrently disrupting virulence signaling and biofilm integrity.