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<p>Ectoine, a biomolecule prevalent in severe settings, is an important component of halophilic bacteria that promotes cellular resilience and adaptability. It maintains cellular homeostasis, which enables bacteria to adapt to high salt concentration. Stabilizing characteristics and bioprotective benefits of ectoine make it acceptable for application in industries such as cosmetics and food, proving its promise in a variety of fields. Halophilic bacteria were isolated from the Mediterranean region then 16S rRNA regions were amplified, and ARDRA was used to compare isolates. The Sanger chain termination technique was used to sequence amplified 16S rRNA sequences of selected isolates. The <i>ect</i>A-encoding region was amplified, and <i>Chromohalobacter</i> and <i>Halomonas</i> were evaluated at the <i>ect</i>A gene expression level. <i>Chromohalobacter canadensis,</i> known to synthesize ectoine, was used as a control microorganism. After being stressed at various salt concentrations, the isolate <i>Chromohalobacter israelensis</i> H1 was used for ectoine gene expression experiments at different periods, and the <i>ect</i>A gene expression levels were determined by 2<sup>−∆∆C</sup><sub>T</sub>. 14 isolates were identified after Sanger sequencing. Based on a previous study, <i>Chromohalobacter canadensis</i> was known to have ectoine, and <i>Chromohalobacter species</i> were the first candidate for gene coding <i>ect</i>A. As expected, <i>Chromohalobacter israelensis</i> H1 was chosen to have a gene encoding ectoine. Then it is classified as moderately halotolerant according to expression analysis based on mRNA level, and evidence indicates it exhibits the maximum ectoine production, facilitating survival and growth in a 10% saline environment.</p>

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Microbial diversity of the mediterranean sea: salt-induced ectoine gene expression inChromohalobacter israelensis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • Belma Nural Yaman,
  • Benay Çolak,
  • Meriç Atar Güney,
  • Pınar Aytar Çeli̇k,
  • Ahmet Çabuk

摘要

Ectoine, a biomolecule prevalent in severe settings, is an important component of halophilic bacteria that promotes cellular resilience and adaptability. It maintains cellular homeostasis, which enables bacteria to adapt to high salt concentration. Stabilizing characteristics and bioprotective benefits of ectoine make it acceptable for application in industries such as cosmetics and food, proving its promise in a variety of fields. Halophilic bacteria were isolated from the Mediterranean region then 16S rRNA regions were amplified, and ARDRA was used to compare isolates. The Sanger chain termination technique was used to sequence amplified 16S rRNA sequences of selected isolates. The ectA-encoding region was amplified, and Chromohalobacter and Halomonas were evaluated at the ectA gene expression level. Chromohalobacter canadensis, known to synthesize ectoine, was used as a control microorganism. After being stressed at various salt concentrations, the isolate Chromohalobacter israelensis H1 was used for ectoine gene expression experiments at different periods, and the ectA gene expression levels were determined by 2−∆∆CT. 14 isolates were identified after Sanger sequencing. Based on a previous study, Chromohalobacter canadensis was known to have ectoine, and Chromohalobacter species were the first candidate for gene coding ectA. As expected, Chromohalobacter israelensis H1 was chosen to have a gene encoding ectoine. Then it is classified as moderately halotolerant according to expression analysis based on mRNA level, and evidence indicates it exhibits the maximum ectoine production, facilitating survival and growth in a 10% saline environment.