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<p>The growing environmental hazards posed by synthetic plastics, due to their persistence and detrimental impacts on ecosystems, necessitate the development of sustainable alternatives. Biodegradable plastics such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) offer a promising solution. This study investigates <i>Paramecium primaurelia</i>, a ciliate isolated from stagnant wastewater, as a novel eukaryotic PHA producer. Cultures were grown in Bold Basal medium (positive control) and supplemented with different carbon sources: glucose (1.8&#xa0;g/L), sucrose (3.42&#xa0;g/L), and lactose (3.42&#xa0;g/L). The highest PHA yield (0.8&#xa0;g/L) was obtained with glucose supplementation, followed by sucrose (0.6&#xa0;g/L) and lactose (0.4&#xa0;g/L), while the positive control produced the lowest yield (0.2&#xa0;g/L). The extracted polymers were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), confirming the presence of hydroxyalkanoic acid monomers along with pentadecanoic, hexadecanoic, and octadecanoic acid ethyl esters, indicative of medium-chain-length (mcl-PHA) PHA. These findings highlight the potential of <i>P. primaurelia</i> as an environmentally benign and cost-effective platform for bioplastic production, contributing to global efforts to reduce reliance on petrochemical plastics and promote sustainable waste valorization.</p>

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Harnessing Paramecium primaurelia for polyhydroxyalkanoate production: optimization of carbon sources for sustainable bioplastic synthesis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月23日

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  • Ayesha Arshad,
  • Itrat Zahra,
  • Awais Ibrahim,
  • Usama Shabbir,
  • Shahid Nawaz,
  • Ayesha Liaqat,
  • Roohi Ijaz,
  • Tuba Arooj,
  • Sammi Rasheed,
  • Ayesha Ghauri,
  • Bushra Muneer,
  • Amor Hedfi,
  • Manel Ben Ali,
  • Arslan Muhammad Ali Khan,
  • Michael J. Betenbaugh,
  • Abdul Rauf Shakoori,
  • Farah Rauf Shakoori

摘要

The growing environmental hazards posed by synthetic plastics, due to their persistence and detrimental impacts on ecosystems, necessitate the development of sustainable alternatives. Biodegradable plastics such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) offer a promising solution. This study investigates Paramecium primaurelia, a ciliate isolated from stagnant wastewater, as a novel eukaryotic PHA producer. Cultures were grown in Bold Basal medium (positive control) and supplemented with different carbon sources: glucose (1.8 g/L), sucrose (3.42 g/L), and lactose (3.42 g/L). The highest PHA yield (0.8 g/L) was obtained with glucose supplementation, followed by sucrose (0.6 g/L) and lactose (0.4 g/L), while the positive control produced the lowest yield (0.2 g/L). The extracted polymers were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), confirming the presence of hydroxyalkanoic acid monomers along with pentadecanoic, hexadecanoic, and octadecanoic acid ethyl esters, indicative of medium-chain-length (mcl-PHA) PHA. These findings highlight the potential of P. primaurelia as an environmentally benign and cost-effective platform for bioplastic production, contributing to global efforts to reduce reliance on petrochemical plastics and promote sustainable waste valorization.