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<p>Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth, yet its availability in soil is often limited because most of it is found in insoluble forms. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can improve P availability by converting insoluble phosphate (PO₄) into soluble forms that plants can absorb. For practical field use, however, an effective bioinoculant must be both resilient and adaptable to changing soil conditions. This study investigated the phosphate solubilization, phosphatase production, and organic acids secretion of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> AAC1, a strain previously isolated from fruit waste compost. Since this organism is intended to use as a bioinoculant, it must be functional under various environmental conditions, including different carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus sources, as well as different salt concentration, pH, and temperature. For phytotoxic evaluation, green mung bean <i>(Vigna radiata</i>) seeds were used whereas hemolytic activity was also assessed for strain’s biosafety. Maximum phosphate solubilization among the nutrient sources was associated with significant decline in pH, which has been explained by the synthesis of organic acids like succinic acid and gluconic acid. The maximum solubilization was observed in rock phosphate (812 ± 1.00&#xa0;mg/L), glucose (424 ± 0.57&#xa0;mg/L) and ammonium chloride (823 ± 2.08&#xa0;mg/L), as the phosphate, carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively and at 30&#xa0;°C temperature, pH 5, and 0.02% of NaCl concentration. Maximum Acid and alkaline phosphatase enzymes production were observed at 37°C and 30°C, respectively, representing the distinct temperature sensitivity of these enzymes. Furthermore, the strains enhanced seed germination exhibiting a germination index of 86% and a relative radical germination rate of 93%, suggesting its non-phytotoxic nature. These findings indicate <i>P. aeruginosa</i> AAC1, a safe and efficient bioinoculant for improving phosphate availability in a variety of environmental conditions. Further field-scale studies are needed to validate its long-term performance and contribution to sustainable crop production, particularly in phosphate-deficient soils.</p>

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Exploring the phosphate solubilization potential, stress-resilience, and enzymatic profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAC1: towards the development of phosphate-rich compost

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月30日

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  • Areesha Ahmad,
  • Urooj Zafar,
  • Shah Ali Ul Qader,
  • Tooba Haq,
  • Syed Faraz Moin,
  • Adnan Khan,
  • Mazhar Ullah Lodhi

摘要

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth, yet its availability in soil is often limited because most of it is found in insoluble forms. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can improve P availability by converting insoluble phosphate (PO₄) into soluble forms that plants can absorb. For practical field use, however, an effective bioinoculant must be both resilient and adaptable to changing soil conditions. This study investigated the phosphate solubilization, phosphatase production, and organic acids secretion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAC1, a strain previously isolated from fruit waste compost. Since this organism is intended to use as a bioinoculant, it must be functional under various environmental conditions, including different carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus sources, as well as different salt concentration, pH, and temperature. For phytotoxic evaluation, green mung bean (Vigna radiata) seeds were used whereas hemolytic activity was also assessed for strain’s biosafety. Maximum phosphate solubilization among the nutrient sources was associated with significant decline in pH, which has been explained by the synthesis of organic acids like succinic acid and gluconic acid. The maximum solubilization was observed in rock phosphate (812 ± 1.00 mg/L), glucose (424 ± 0.57 mg/L) and ammonium chloride (823 ± 2.08 mg/L), as the phosphate, carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively and at 30 °C temperature, pH 5, and 0.02% of NaCl concentration. Maximum Acid and alkaline phosphatase enzymes production were observed at 37°C and 30°C, respectively, representing the distinct temperature sensitivity of these enzymes. Furthermore, the strains enhanced seed germination exhibiting a germination index of 86% and a relative radical germination rate of 93%, suggesting its non-phytotoxic nature. These findings indicate P. aeruginosa AAC1, a safe and efficient bioinoculant for improving phosphate availability in a variety of environmental conditions. Further field-scale studies are needed to validate its long-term performance and contribution to sustainable crop production, particularly in phosphate-deficient soils.