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<p>Climate change is disrupting the seasonal environmental cues of photoperiod and temperature, which are fundamental for synchronizing the phenology and physiology of horticultural crops. Although the individual impacts of these stressors are documented, a synthesized analysis of their interactive effects on many species and a critical evaluation of adaptation strategies are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the molecular and physiological interplay between photoperiod and temperature signaling, emphasizing their joint impact on flowering, dormancy release, and fruit quality. We highlight recent mechanistic discoveries, including the role of photoreceptors like PHYA in growth cessation and the crosstalk between circadian clock genes and thermal-response pathways. A key focus is the climate-induced disruption of winter chilling requirements, leading to erratic bud break and flowering. Beyond diagnosing the problem, we critically assess mitigation strategies, distinguishing between established practices, high-risk chemical interventions, and emerging biotechnological solutions such as CRISPR-based breeding for low-chill cultivars. By integrating physiology with molecular biology and agronomy, this review provides a targeted roadmap for developing resilient horticultural systems, offering researchers and growers a refined framework for adaptation in a warming world.</p>

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Photoperiod and temperature: Key abiotic drivers of horticultural crop physiology in a changing climate

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • Muhammad Atiq Ashraf,
  • Shumaila Nawaz,
  • Uzma Bilal,
  • Maria Abubakar,
  • Shumaila Anam,
  • Muhammad Azam,
  • Burhan Khalid,
  • Abdullah,
  • Muhammad Asim,
  • Rabbya Rayan Shah,
  • Muhammad Ateeq

摘要

Climate change is disrupting the seasonal environmental cues of photoperiod and temperature, which are fundamental for synchronizing the phenology and physiology of horticultural crops. Although the individual impacts of these stressors are documented, a synthesized analysis of their interactive effects on many species and a critical evaluation of adaptation strategies are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the molecular and physiological interplay between photoperiod and temperature signaling, emphasizing their joint impact on flowering, dormancy release, and fruit quality. We highlight recent mechanistic discoveries, including the role of photoreceptors like PHYA in growth cessation and the crosstalk between circadian clock genes and thermal-response pathways. A key focus is the climate-induced disruption of winter chilling requirements, leading to erratic bud break and flowering. Beyond diagnosing the problem, we critically assess mitigation strategies, distinguishing between established practices, high-risk chemical interventions, and emerging biotechnological solutions such as CRISPR-based breeding for low-chill cultivars. By integrating physiology with molecular biology and agronomy, this review provides a targeted roadmap for developing resilient horticultural systems, offering researchers and growers a refined framework for adaptation in a warming world.