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<p>Orchids are a diverse group of flowering plants often characterised by their distinct aromatic and colourful flowers. They form intricate symbiotic relationships with fungi, especially mycorrhiza, which is essential for their growth and survival. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to understand the symbiotic association between the recently described high-altitude <i>Gastrodia indica</i> and its rhizobiome. We performed amplicon sequencing to analyse the bacterial and fungal community compositions in the rhizosphere and bulk soil. The diversity indices of both bacterial and fungal communities were higher in the bulk soil than the rhizosphere and distinct community compositions were also observed. Overall bacterial community composition revealed the dominance of Proteobacteria (45.62%), Firmicutes (11.45%), and Planctomycetota (11.27%). In the case of fungi, Basidiomycota (22.88%), Ascomycota (20.52%) and Mucoromycota (20.31%) were more prevalent. At the genus level, <i>Pseudomonas</i> (10.04%) was dominant among bacteria while <i>Mucor</i> (21.22%) displayed dominance among the fungal genera. CLAM-based analysis revealed 12.66% bacterial and 5.17% fungal ASVs unique to the rhizosphere and 57.02% bacterial and 26.86% fungal ASVs unique to the bulk soil. Venn diagrams depicted higher number of genera of both bacterial and fungal communities in the bulk soil than the rhizosphere. Functional annotation of bacterial communities using PICRUSt2 revealed higher abundance of nitrogen metabolism, siderophore production and phosphorus solubilisation genes in the rhizosphere, crucial for plant growth promotion. Functional annotation of fungi using FungalTraits revealed a high abundance of saprotrophs.</p>

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Symbiotic association of rhizobiome with newly discovered Gastrodia indica, a holomycotrophic orchid species from eastern Himalayas

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月30日

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  • Yukti Oza,
  • Sanjana Sharma Sarkar,
  • Mrunal Karande,
  • Madhusudhan Khanal,
  • Adharsika Pradhan,
  • Sandeep Rawat,
  • Avinash Sharma

摘要

Orchids are a diverse group of flowering plants often characterised by their distinct aromatic and colourful flowers. They form intricate symbiotic relationships with fungi, especially mycorrhiza, which is essential for their growth and survival. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to understand the symbiotic association between the recently described high-altitude Gastrodia indica and its rhizobiome. We performed amplicon sequencing to analyse the bacterial and fungal community compositions in the rhizosphere and bulk soil. The diversity indices of both bacterial and fungal communities were higher in the bulk soil than the rhizosphere and distinct community compositions were also observed. Overall bacterial community composition revealed the dominance of Proteobacteria (45.62%), Firmicutes (11.45%), and Planctomycetota (11.27%). In the case of fungi, Basidiomycota (22.88%), Ascomycota (20.52%) and Mucoromycota (20.31%) were more prevalent. At the genus level, Pseudomonas (10.04%) was dominant among bacteria while Mucor (21.22%) displayed dominance among the fungal genera. CLAM-based analysis revealed 12.66% bacterial and 5.17% fungal ASVs unique to the rhizosphere and 57.02% bacterial and 26.86% fungal ASVs unique to the bulk soil. Venn diagrams depicted higher number of genera of both bacterial and fungal communities in the bulk soil than the rhizosphere. Functional annotation of bacterial communities using PICRUSt2 revealed higher abundance of nitrogen metabolism, siderophore production and phosphorus solubilisation genes in the rhizosphere, crucial for plant growth promotion. Functional annotation of fungi using FungalTraits revealed a high abundance of saprotrophs.