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<p>Vector-borne diseases, particularly mosquito-borne illnesses (MBDs), threaten over 80% of the world’s population, with mosquitoes like <i>Aedes</i>, <i>Culex</i>, and <i>Anopheles</i> serving as primary vectors. This study explores the isolation, characterization, and structure elucidation of andrograpanin from <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> and evaluates its activity against the immature stages of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i>. <i>Andrographis&#xa0;paniculata</i> extracts were fractionated, and the most active fraction was subjected to further purification and analysis. The structure of andrograpanin was confirmed through spectroscopic methods including IR, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, <sup>13</sup>C-NMR, and GC–MS. Biological assays assessed ovicidal, larvicidal, and pupicidal activities. Andrograpanin exhibited significant ovicidal activity, with 72% and 78% mortality in <i>Ae. aegypti</i> and <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i> eggs, respectively, at 2&#xa0;ppm. It also demonstrated strong larvicidal and pupicidal efficacy, with LC<sub>50</sub> values of 1.18&#xa0;ppm and 1.33&#xa0;ppm against <i>Ae. aegypti</i> larvae and pupae, and 1.10&#xa0;ppm and 1.25&#xa0;ppm against <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i> larvae and pupae. These results highlight andrograpanin as a potent natural compound with potential applications in mosquito control programs. Its plant-derived nature presents an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic insecticides, supporting sustainable vector management. However, further research is needed to assess field applicability, formulation stability, and potential non-target effects to enhance its scalability in integrated vector control strategies.</p>

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Isolation of andrograpanin from Andrographis paniculata and its bioactivity against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月13日

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  • Jelin Vilvest,
  • Muthu Chinnadurai John Milton,
  • Alex Yagoo,
  • Kedike Balkrishna

摘要

Vector-borne diseases, particularly mosquito-borne illnesses (MBDs), threaten over 80% of the world’s population, with mosquitoes like Aedes, Culex, and Anopheles serving as primary vectors. This study explores the isolation, characterization, and structure elucidation of andrograpanin from Andrographis paniculata and evaluates its activity against the immature stages of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Andrographis paniculata extracts were fractionated, and the most active fraction was subjected to further purification and analysis. The structure of andrograpanin was confirmed through spectroscopic methods including IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and GC–MS. Biological assays assessed ovicidal, larvicidal, and pupicidal activities. Andrograpanin exhibited significant ovicidal activity, with 72% and 78% mortality in Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus eggs, respectively, at 2 ppm. It also demonstrated strong larvicidal and pupicidal efficacy, with LC50 values of 1.18 ppm and 1.33 ppm against Ae. aegypti larvae and pupae, and 1.10 ppm and 1.25 ppm against Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae and pupae. These results highlight andrograpanin as a potent natural compound with potential applications in mosquito control programs. Its plant-derived nature presents an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic insecticides, supporting sustainable vector management. However, further research is needed to assess field applicability, formulation stability, and potential non-target effects to enhance its scalability in integrated vector control strategies.