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<p>Elevated atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>) will reshape crop physiology, yet genotypic differences in responsiveness remain poorly resolved. We compared nine <i>Raphanus sativus</i> cultivars grown at 400, 800 and 1200 ppm CO<sub>2</sub> to quantify coordinated changes in leaf gas exchange, pigment composition and stomatal traits. Across cultivars, CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment significantly increased net assimilation (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) while stomatal conductance declined and intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> rose. Chlorophyll <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> increased with CO<sub>2</sub>, and zeaxanthin generally accumulated, whereas <i>β</i>-carotene changed only slightly, revealing cultivar-dependent reallocation within the photosynthetic pigment system. Stomatal density responded in a genotype-specific manner, increasing in several cultivars but remaining stable or decreasing in others, highlighting plasticity in epidermal patterning under CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment. Parallel-analysis PCA identified a single dominant axis integrating assimilation (C<sub>i</sub>), pigments, and stomatal traits, with elevated CO<sub>2</sub> shifting cultivars toward higher PC1 scores. Several traits showed significant CO<sub>2</sub> x cultivar interactions, confirming differential responsiveness among genotypes. Together, these results identify cultivars differing in CO<sub>2</sub>-driven physiological responsiveness and trait coordination under elevated CO<sub>2</sub>.</p>

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Physiological and stomatal trait responses of Raphanus sativus cultivars under elevated CO2

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Flavia Bortes,
  • Andreea Lupitu,
  • Cristian Moisa,
  • Mihaela Dochia,
  • Dana-Maria Copolovici,
  • Lucian Copolovici

摘要

Elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) will reshape crop physiology, yet genotypic differences in responsiveness remain poorly resolved. We compared nine Raphanus sativus cultivars grown at 400, 800 and 1200 ppm CO2 to quantify coordinated changes in leaf gas exchange, pigment composition and stomatal traits. Across cultivars, CO2 enrichment significantly increased net assimilation (P < 0.05) while stomatal conductance declined and intercellular CO2 rose. Chlorophyll a and b increased with CO2, and zeaxanthin generally accumulated, whereas β-carotene changed only slightly, revealing cultivar-dependent reallocation within the photosynthetic pigment system. Stomatal density responded in a genotype-specific manner, increasing in several cultivars but remaining stable or decreasing in others, highlighting plasticity in epidermal patterning under CO2 enrichment. Parallel-analysis PCA identified a single dominant axis integrating assimilation (Ci), pigments, and stomatal traits, with elevated CO2 shifting cultivars toward higher PC1 scores. Several traits showed significant CO2 x cultivar interactions, confirming differential responsiveness among genotypes. Together, these results identify cultivars differing in CO2-driven physiological responsiveness and trait coordination under elevated CO2.