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<p>Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plant growth, yet both deficiency and excess limit crop productivity. Understanding the metabolic mechanisms underlying genotypic variation in K utilization efficiency (KUE) is critical for improving soybean performance under variable K supply. We compared two soybean cultivars, <i>Glycine max</i> cv. Satonohohoemi (K-efficient) and Tachinagaha (K-sensitive), grown under 6, 60, and 120&#xa0;mg L⁻¹ K, and performed untargeted CE-TOF-MS metabolomics of roots and shoots at 7 and 14 days after transplanting. Satonohohoemi maintained higher shoot biomass and KUE under K deficiency despite lower tissue K, demonstrating superior physiological efficiency. Metabolomic profiling revealed genotype-specific metabolic reprogramming: Satonohohoemi selectively activated nitrogen-associated amino-acid pathways, central carbon metabolism including TCA and glyoxylate cycles, and redox-related metabolites such as 5-oxoproline and trehalose-6-phosphate, whereas Tachinagaha exhibited widespread metabolite depletion under stress. Root metabolomes exhibited the greatest genotypic differentiation, with Satonohohoemi sustaining arginine/proline metabolism, nucleotide turnover, and central carbon flux, reflecting coordinated root–shoot integration. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that Satonohohoemi maintains conserved metabolic networks under both low and high K, underpinning its superior KUE. These findings reveal that KUE in soybean is driven by targeted, coordinated metabolic rewiring rather than broad metabolite accumulation, and identify potential metabolic biomarkers for screening K-efficient genotypes.</p>

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Coordinated root–shoot metabolic reprogramming underlies soybean genotypic variation in potassium utilization efficiency

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Tantriani,
  • Weiguo Cheng,
  • Akira Oikawa,
  • Ryosuke Sasaki,
  • Benito Heru Purwanto,
  • Takuro Shinano,
  • Keitaro Tawaraya

摘要

Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plant growth, yet both deficiency and excess limit crop productivity. Understanding the metabolic mechanisms underlying genotypic variation in K utilization efficiency (KUE) is critical for improving soybean performance under variable K supply. We compared two soybean cultivars, Glycine max cv. Satonohohoemi (K-efficient) and Tachinagaha (K-sensitive), grown under 6, 60, and 120 mg L⁻¹ K, and performed untargeted CE-TOF-MS metabolomics of roots and shoots at 7 and 14 days after transplanting. Satonohohoemi maintained higher shoot biomass and KUE under K deficiency despite lower tissue K, demonstrating superior physiological efficiency. Metabolomic profiling revealed genotype-specific metabolic reprogramming: Satonohohoemi selectively activated nitrogen-associated amino-acid pathways, central carbon metabolism including TCA and glyoxylate cycles, and redox-related metabolites such as 5-oxoproline and trehalose-6-phosphate, whereas Tachinagaha exhibited widespread metabolite depletion under stress. Root metabolomes exhibited the greatest genotypic differentiation, with Satonohohoemi sustaining arginine/proline metabolism, nucleotide turnover, and central carbon flux, reflecting coordinated root–shoot integration. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that Satonohohoemi maintains conserved metabolic networks under both low and high K, underpinning its superior KUE. These findings reveal that KUE in soybean is driven by targeted, coordinated metabolic rewiring rather than broad metabolite accumulation, and identify potential metabolic biomarkers for screening K-efficient genotypes.