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<p><i>Brachypodium distachyon</i> (<i>B. distachyon</i>) has emerged as a new model for the structural and functional genomics of temperate grasses. Somatic embryo culture serves as an effective method for the genetic transformation of <i>B. distachyon.</i> However, the role of regulatory genes in inducing somatic embryogenesis through endogenous hormone modulation in <i>B. distachyon</i> remains unexplored. This study investigated the endogenous hormone levels and transcriptome data of embryogenic calli (EC) derived from both mature and immature <i>B. distachyon embryos.</i> Our findings indicate that higher levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellins (GAs) promote the formation of mature embryo-produced compact embryogenic calli (MEC), whereas higher trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) and lower abscisic acid (ABA) levels promote the development of immature embryo-produced compact embryogenic calli (IEC). The differential expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis and signal transduction of auxin (<i>YUCCA</i>,<i> ALDH</i>, <i>AUX/IAA</i>), trans-zeatin riboside (<i>CKX</i>), gibberellin (<i>KAO</i>, <i>GA3ox</i>), and abscisic acid (<i>AAO3</i>, <i>SnRK2</i>) influences the endogenous hormone concentrations in MEC and IEC of <i>B. distachyon</i>. Specifically, increased expression of <i>AUX/IAA</i> is linked to MEC formation. Thus, the differential expression of genes associated with the auxin (AUX), cytokinin (CK), GA, and ABA biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways may modulate endogenous hormone levels, steering the differentiation of MEC and IEC in <i>B. distachyon</i>.</p>

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Plant hormones determine the differentiation of callus tissue during tissue culture of mature and immature Brachypodium distachyon embryos

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Dandan Ouyang,
  • Yingzhi Miao,
  • Jiagu Wei,
  • Liping Ran,
  • Peiyao Liu,
  • Fei Xiong,
  • Xurun Yu

摘要

Brachypodium distachyon (B. distachyon) has emerged as a new model for the structural and functional genomics of temperate grasses. Somatic embryo culture serves as an effective method for the genetic transformation of B. distachyon. However, the role of regulatory genes in inducing somatic embryogenesis through endogenous hormone modulation in B. distachyon remains unexplored. This study investigated the endogenous hormone levels and transcriptome data of embryogenic calli (EC) derived from both mature and immature B. distachyon embryos. Our findings indicate that higher levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellins (GAs) promote the formation of mature embryo-produced compact embryogenic calli (MEC), whereas higher trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) and lower abscisic acid (ABA) levels promote the development of immature embryo-produced compact embryogenic calli (IEC). The differential expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis and signal transduction of auxin (YUCCA, ALDH, AUX/IAA), trans-zeatin riboside (CKX), gibberellin (KAO, GA3ox), and abscisic acid (AAO3, SnRK2) influences the endogenous hormone concentrations in MEC and IEC of B. distachyon. Specifically, increased expression of AUX/IAA is linked to MEC formation. Thus, the differential expression of genes associated with the auxin (AUX), cytokinin (CK), GA, and ABA biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways may modulate endogenous hormone levels, steering the differentiation of MEC and IEC in B. distachyon.