Electro/magnetization of saltwater alleviates its genotoxicity in Vicia faba roots
摘要
Vicia faba seedlings were used to investigate the efficiency of electro/magnetization at various field intensities in alleviating the harmful effects of saltwater at a microscopic level. The experiment was conducted with commercial devices used to treat saltwater with an electromagnetic field intensity below 0.01 T and magnetic fields at 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 T. Assessments were performed using a Vicia-micronucleus test under non-treated saltwater (8 dS/m) and saltwater exposed to electro/magnetic fields at the specified intensities. Saltwater significantly increased Na+ and Cl− absorption by approximately 5-fold and 6.4-fold, respectively, and induced genotoxicity as evidenced by nuclear vacuolization and chromosomal aberrations, including fragments, c-mitosis, stickiness, bridges and loss of chromosomes and/or chromatids. These effects were accompanied by a 55% decrease in mitotic index (MI) and a17-fold increase in the frequency of micronucleus (MCN), parallel to the reduced root length, fresh and dry biomass, and root water content. Exposing saltwater to electro/magnetic fields (< 0.01 T and 1.2–1.6 T) significantly mitigated these deleterious effects. Electro/magnetization selectively reduced Cl− uptake while maintaining Na+ absorption, increased MI (to 11.89–14.19%) and reduced MCN frequency, with the most pronounced reductions (31–66%) observed at the lowest intensities (< 1.2 T). Consequently, morphological and physiological parameters were markedly improved. The results demonstrate that the electro/magnetization alleviates salt-induced genotoxicity by selectively modulating ion absorption and promoting cellular recovery. Lower intensities (< 1.2 T) provided greater genoprotective effects, indicating that applying low-intensity electro/magnetic field is a practical approach to enhance crop tolerance to salinity.