Objective <p>To observe the efficacy of acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese herbs in the treatment of poststroke vascular dementia (VD) and the effects on serum interleukin (IL)-6 and superoxide dismutase (SOD).</p> Methods <p>A total of 240 patients with poststroke VD were selected and randomly divided into two groups according to the random number table method, with 120 cases in each group. Both groups received Hua Tan Tong Luo (phlegm-resolving and collateral-activating) formula, once daily; the observation group was additionally treated with Yi Shen Tiao Du (kidney-tonifying and Governor Vessel-regulating) acupuncture once daily for 6 consecutive days, followed by 1 d of rest. Both groups were treated for 15 d as one course, for a total of 2 courses. After treatment, the total effective rate was compared. Changes in scores of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms, clinical dementia rating (CDR), National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), and Chinese version of mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and serum levels of IL-6 and SOD were observed in both groups.</p> Results <p>The total effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05). After treatment, TCM symptom, CDR, and NIHSS scores, and serum IL-6 levels in both groups were lower than those before treatment (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05), while MMSE scores and serum SOD levels were higher than those before treatment (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05). After treatment, the observation group showed lower TCM symptom, CDR, and NIHSS scores, and serum IL-6 levels than the control group (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05), and higher MMSE scores and serum SOD levels than the control group (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05).</p> Conclusion <p>Compared to Hua Tan Tong Luo formula alone, Yi Shen Tiao Du acupuncture combined with Hua Tan Tong Luo formula demonstrates better efficacy in reducing dementia severity, improving cognitive and neurological function, and inhibiting inflammation in patients with poststroke VD.</p>