Publicness as Backdrop for the Shanghai Museum "Shenzi" Fragments
摘要
This article philosophically examines the Shenzi Yue Gong Jian 慎子曰恭儉 (“Shenzi Speaks of Reverence and Frugality”), part of the Shanghai Museum cache of excavated fragments published in 2007, and provides a tentative translation based on a range of paleographic and philological studies previously carried out. The fragments make reference to a Master Shen 慎, a denomination typically associated with the pre-Qin 秦 political philosopher Shen Dao 慎到 (c. 359–275 BCE) and the received Shenzi 慎子 Fragments. Some elements of the excavated fragments, such as “administrative methods” (fa 法) and “positional power” (shi 勢), seem to establish a connection with the received Shenzi—a supposedly “Legalist” text. However, terms such as “reverence” (gong 恭) and “frugality” (jian 儉), which appear together in the fragments, are found in “Confucian” pre-Qin texts, such as the Lunyu 論語, Mengzi 孟子, Xunzi 荀子, and the “Book of Rites” (Liji 禮記). “Publicness” (gong 公) is an underexamined concern in the received Shenzi. When considered in terms of publicness, and not in the typical framing of Legalist doctrine, the received Shenzi provides a fitting philosophical backdrop for the Shenzi Yue Gong Jian.