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<p>The carbonaceous sandy slate frequently causes severe tunnel deformation and support failure during deep tunnel construction due to the coupling effects of unique physic-mechanical properties with high geostress in active tectonic zones, significantly compromising project safety and cost-effectiveness. This study systematically investigates its physic-mechanical characteristics and deformation mechanisms through laboratory testing, numerical modeling, and theoretical analysis. A methodology based on energy-absorbing principles has been proposed to control large deformations in such geological formations. The findings include: 1) the carbonaceous sandy slate exhibits significant sensitivity to moisture variations, with strength and deformation modulus markedly decreasing under saturated conditions; 2) the deformation patterns under initial support demonstrate strong dependence on both moisture states and geostress, manifesting as coupled fracturing along both vertical and bedding-parallel directions; 3) the primary mechanisms driving large deformations is buckling fractures induced by bending effects and interlayer slippage, generating compressive deformations exceeding the bearing capacity of initial supports; 4) a new yieldable cable allows controlled stress release while improving support capacity; 5) simulations show it reduces crown deformation by 34.24% and absorbs 22.13% of rock energy. This study provides theoretical and technical support for controlling large deformations in high-stress carbonaceous slate tunnels, offering practical guidance for safe construction in complex geology.</p>

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Large deformation mechanism and energy control method in carbonaceous sandy slate tunnel under high geostress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月30日

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  • Chuantian Zheng,
  • Zhiqiang Zhang,
  • Chao Yin,
  • Hui Li,
  • Xing Liu

摘要

The carbonaceous sandy slate frequently causes severe tunnel deformation and support failure during deep tunnel construction due to the coupling effects of unique physic-mechanical properties with high geostress in active tectonic zones, significantly compromising project safety and cost-effectiveness. This study systematically investigates its physic-mechanical characteristics and deformation mechanisms through laboratory testing, numerical modeling, and theoretical analysis. A methodology based on energy-absorbing principles has been proposed to control large deformations in such geological formations. The findings include: 1) the carbonaceous sandy slate exhibits significant sensitivity to moisture variations, with strength and deformation modulus markedly decreasing under saturated conditions; 2) the deformation patterns under initial support demonstrate strong dependence on both moisture states and geostress, manifesting as coupled fracturing along both vertical and bedding-parallel directions; 3) the primary mechanisms driving large deformations is buckling fractures induced by bending effects and interlayer slippage, generating compressive deformations exceeding the bearing capacity of initial supports; 4) a new yieldable cable allows controlled stress release while improving support capacity; 5) simulations show it reduces crown deformation by 34.24% and absorbs 22.13% of rock energy. This study provides theoretical and technical support for controlling large deformations in high-stress carbonaceous slate tunnels, offering practical guidance for safe construction in complex geology.